分子技术在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用

Application of molecular techniques in detection of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms

食品中的病原微生物是影响食品安全的主要因素之一,传统的细菌分离、培养与鉴定繁琐复杂、周期较长,难以适应食源性疾病预防控制的需要,因而快速、简便、特异的检测方法成为研究的热点。近年来,随着现代生物技术的快速发展,新的分子生物学技术和方法不断涌现并被广泛应用于微生物检测,为传染病的流行病学调查、基因的多样性、微生物的生物学特性、微生物的致病性等各个方面提供了重要的信息。本文较为系统地介绍了利用分子生物学技术快速检测食源性致病微生物的方法,总结了核酸杂交技术、核酸扩增技术、基因芯片技术在致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌等致病微生物快速检测中的应用现状,并简要阐述了这几种检测方法的利弊。

Foodborne pathogen is one of the main factors affecting food safety. It takes a long time for tradi-tional bacteria isolation, culture and identification. As a complicated process, the traditional method is difficult to meet the needs of the foodborne disease prevention and control. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern biotechnologies, new techniques and methods of molecular biology are emerging and widely used in microbiological testing for infectious diseases investigation, gene diversity exploration, biological characteri-zation of microorganisms, and microbial pathogenicity characterization. In this paper, molecular techniques widely used for fast detection of foodborne pathogens, such as the nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid am-plification, and microarray, were systematically introduced, as well as the application status of some pathogen detection technologies applied in pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella sp., staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocy-togenes, and other pathogenic microorganisms. The corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each detec-tion method were reviewed as well.