肉类掺假检测技术研究进展

Advances on detection of meat adulteration

肉类是我国居民消费最大的食品之一,然而掺假事件时有发生,这不仅对消费者的经济利益造成损害,更有甚者会对人类身体健康造成影响,因此对肉类掺假进行检测鉴别显得十分重要。本文综述了各种肉类掺假检测技术的应用和特点,并探讨其发展趋势。目前,国内外最常用的检测方法有PCR检测技术、酶联免疫法(ELISA)、近红外光谱技术、色谱技术等。在这些技术中,以PCR为主的检测技术包括长度多态性PCR、随机扩增多态性PCR以及实时PCR等最为成熟,应用得也最为广泛。近红外光谱检测虽然检测速度比较快,但是准确度方面还有待改进。ELISA方法虽然已有商品化试剂盒出现,但由于受蛋白活性影响,其应用范围也受限。色谱分析方法近年来有了更深入的研究,随着高分辨质谱的出现,通过多肽鉴定肉类品种将是一个新的研究方向。随着科技的发展,多种技术相结合将会使掺假检测更加快速、可靠。

Meat is one kind of food consumed widely in China. However, events of adulteration often occurred, which not only hurt the consumers' economic interests, but also affected human health. So the detection of meat adulteration is very important. The application and characteristics of various meat adulteration detection technologies were reviewed and their development trends were discussed in this paper. The most used detection methods commonly include PCR technology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and chromatography. Detection technology based on PCR including amplified fragment length polymorphism PCR, random amplified polymorphic PCR and real-time PCR are the most developed and used widely. Near infrared spectrum (NIR) technology detects fast, but the accuracy still need to be improved. The ELISA methods have had commercial kits, but its application is limited due to the protein activity. Chromatographic analysis in recent years have a further research, the peptide identification with high resolution mass spectrometry will be a new research direction. With the development of science and technology,multiple technologies combining will make the detection more quickly and accurately.