酶联免疫吸附技术在食品检测分析中的研究进展

Advances in food determination and analysis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

酶联免疫吸附技术(ELISA)是酶免疫测定技术中应用最广泛的技术,是将已知的抗原或抗体吸附在固相载体表面,使酶标记的抗原抗体反应在固相表面进行,通过酶与底物产生颜色反应,用洗涤法将液相中的游离成分除去后再进行定量测定。主要分为夹心法、间接法和竞争法。本文简要介绍了几种常用方法及其基本作用机制,详述了ELISA检测技术在食品检测中具体应用及发展历史与现状,对其在食品中农药残留、病原微生物、生物毒素、转基因食品、重金属残留、过敏性残留物及违规添加成分检测等方面的应用情况进行系统总结,并对其发展前景进行了分析。

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used technique in the enzyme immunoassay techniques. The antigen or antibody is adsorbed on the surface of the solid phase carrier, anti-gen-antibody reaction on the surface of the carrier, produce a color reaction by the enzyme and substrate, then quantitative determination after washed the free ingredients of the liquid phase. The ELISA technique is mainly divided into sandwich method, the indirect method and competition law. This paper describes the common me-thod and basic mechanism of action of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and details their specific ap-plication and development in detection of pesticide residues, pathogenic microorganisms, biotoxins, genetically modified food, heavy metal residues, allergic residues and illegal additives, and finally summarizes and ana-lyzes its prospects.