广东省市售鳜和鲩体内孔雀石绿与硝基呋喃类及其代谢物残留现状研究

Investigation of malachite green and nitrofurans residues in Siniperca chuatsi(mandarin fish) and Ctenopharynogodon idella(grass carp) from markets in Guangdong

目的研究广东省市售鳜和鲩体内孔雀石绿(malachite green,MG)与硝基呋喃类(nitrofurans,NFs)及其代谢物残留现状。方法 111份鳜和鲩样品分别购自广州、深圳、佛山、中山、汕头和茂名等地,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测孔雀石绿与硝基呋喃类及其代谢物。结果孔雀石绿及其代谢物检出率和硝基呋喃类代谢物检出率分别为33%和14%;孔雀石绿残留主要是隐色孔雀石绿,硝基呋喃类残留主要为氨基脲和3-氨基-2-恶唑烷酮;中山鳜鱼中孔雀石绿和氨基脲检出率最高,分别为83%和50%,佛山鲩体内隐色孔雀石绿检出率为20%;批发市场鳜中孔雀石绿检出率为38%,零售市场高达71%。结论 孔雀石绿及其代谢物检出率高于硝基呋喃类代谢物检出率。孔雀石绿残留主要以其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿形式存在,4种硝基呋喃药物中呋喃唑酮和呋喃西林使用更为普遍。中山和佛山是传统的水产养殖发达地区,孔雀石绿和硝基呋喃类代谢物残留水平相对其他采样点更加严重。与批发市场相比,零售市场鳜鱼孔雀石绿残留检出率更高,应当重点关注。

Objective To determine the levels of malachite green (MG) and nitrofurans (NFs) residues inSini-perca chuatsiandCtenopharynogodon idellain Guangdong.Methods A total of 111Siniperca chuatsiandCteno-pharynogodon idella samples were collected in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhongshan, Shantou and Maoming, Guangdong province. The concentration of malachite green and nitrofurans residues were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).Results The detection rates of MG and nitrofurans residues were 33% and 14%. MG residues were mainlyleucomalachite green (LMG), and the major nitrifurans residues weresemicarbazid (SEM) and3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ). The detection rates of MG and SEM inSiniperca chuatsi of Zhongshan were the highest, 83% and 50% respectively. The highest detection rate of LMG inCtenopharynogodon idellaappeared in Foshan, which was 20%. The detection rate of malachite green inSiniperca chuatsin retail markets was 71%, but in wholesales was 38%.ConclusionThe detection rate of MG residues was much higher than that of nitrofurans residues. MG residues in fish was mainly its metabolite LMG, and the major residues of NFs were SEM and AOZ. As the traditional aquaculture bases in Guangdong, Zhongshan and Foshan had more serious situation than other sam-pling places. The detection rate of malachite green inSiniperca chuatsof retail marketswas much higher than that in wholesales, so the management agencies should pay more attention to this situation.