原料乳生产中空气源微生物的快速检测及控制方法

The rapid detection and control methods for the air microorganism during production process of raw milk

微生物的污染是影响乳制品安全的重要因素,主要以空气为媒介污染原料乳进而影响乳制品安全。本文概述了原料乳中微生物的来源、种类;空气中微生物的采集方法、检测方法以及如何控制原料乳中微生物。原料乳中可能污染的微生物有葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、链球菌属、大肠杆菌等病原微生物和腐败菌、真菌。空气微生物的采样方法有自然沉降法和微生物采样器采样法,比较而知采样器采样法具有稳定、不受气候影响的优点;同时比较了固体和液体微生物采样器的优缺点。原料乳质量好坏直接影响到后续加工乳制品,乳中微生物指标成为制约原料乳卫生指标的关键因素,该指标一直倍受乳品厂家及消费者的关注。因此,保证原料乳的安全是保证乳品安全的前提。

The contamination of microorganism is an important factor affecting the safety of dairy products, mainly by the medium of air to pollute the raw milk, thereby, affecting the safety of dairy products. This article outlines the sources and species of microorganism in raw milk; acquisition method of microorganisms in the air, testing methods, and how to control microorganisms in raw milk. Raw milk may be contaminated with patho-genic microorganism such asStaphylococcus aureus,Salmonella,Shigella,Streptococcus,E. coli and so on, and spoilage bacteria, fungi. Air microorganism sampling method has natural sedimentation method and air microoganism sampler sampling method, compared and then known sampler sampling method has the advan-tages of stable and is not affected by the climate; at the same time compared with the advantages and disadvan-tages of the solid air-sampler and liquid air-sampler for airborne microorganisms. The microbiological index of milk quality was always a question of people attention. So, the safety of the raw milk is the premise to ensure the safety of dairy products.