小分子物质酶联免疫分析方法的研究进展

Research progress on enzyme-linked immunoassay for small molecules substances

自免疫分析技术问世以来,出现了多种快速检测产品如ELISA试剂盒、免疫层析试纸条,但是目前的快速检测试剂盒普遍存在检测灵敏度低、线性范围窄、易出现假阳性等问题。为解决这些问题,科研工作者发现小分子物质在检测中显示出许多特点,而这些特点正是研究开发酶联免疫检测技术的关键,小分子物质的快速检测已占据越来越重要地位。本文归纳国内外小分子物质酶联免疫分析技术研究成果,总结小分子物质酶联免疫分析方法的内容及特点,介绍小分子物质酶联免疫分析方法中抗原制备特点,分析小分子物质检测中抗体种类及特性,重点比较酶联免疫分析方法中直接和间接竞争法,并分析非竞争法在小分子物质检测中优势,旨在为今后免疫学快速检测技术的研究与开发提供帮助。

Since immunoassy technology was developed, detective products such as ELISA kit, immune chromatography strips hadbeen invented, but the current production of rapid detection kit showed alow detection sensitivity, with a narrow linear range and high false positive rate. To solve these problems, researchers found that smaller molecules showed many characteristics when detected, and these characteristics werethe key to research and develop enzyme-linked immunoassy technology. Rapid quantify small molecules occupied an important position in rapid detection. In this paper, domestic and foreign research achievements about enzyme-linked immunoassay technology were summarized. The content and characteristics of detection method of small molecule base on enzyme-linked immunoassay were reviewed. The characteristics and research status of antigen preparation of the small molecular substances based on ELISA were introduced. Meanwhile, the direct and indirect competition of enzyme-linked immunoassay methods were compared and advantage of noncompetitive enzyme linked immunoassay method for the detection of small molecular substances was analyzed. The purpose is to assist research and development of enzyme-linked immunoassay method of small molecules.