食品中农药最大残留限量的现状及制定方法

Research on current situation and establishing methods of pesticide maximum residue limits in food

食品中农药的最大残留限量(MRLs)是保障食品质量安全的重要立法依据,也是指导食品和农产品等生产的关键技术指标。MRLs的制定方法不仅影响农产品行业的持续发展,而且还对提高我国农产品行业的国际竞争力起到积极作用。本文简要介绍目前国内外MRLs标准的现状、涉及农药的种类以及制定农药最大残留限量的依据,概述了基于田间实验数据制定最大残留限量的方法,并且比较了国际上欧盟(EU)、北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)成员国、经济合作与发展组织(OECD)及农药残留联席会议(JMPR)的限量制定方案。

Pesticide maximum residue limit is a critical legislative basis for food safety and a key technical indicator to instruct food and agro-products. The establishing methods for MRLs not only influence the sustainable development of agricultural industry, but also play an actively role on the improvement of international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural industry. The current situation and principles employed to establish maximum residue limits were briefly introduced in this paper. The methods derived from field trials were summarized for setting MRLs. Meanwhile, the calculation methods proposed by European Union (EU), members of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues (JMPR) were compared.