北京市海淀区市售两种食用菌重金属含量检测及部分居民知信行调查

Detection of heavy metals in two kinds of edible fungi available in market and a related KAP survey in Haidian district in Beijing

目的了解北京市海淀区市售食用菌中几种重金属的污染状况以及该区域居民对于食用菌重金属污染的知识、态度和购买及摄取行为。方法 2014年12月,采集海淀区大中型超市和农贸市场在售的香菇和木耳样品,微波消解后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,检测铜、铅、镉、砷、汞5种重金属元素在香菇和木耳中的含量以获得北京市这两种市售食用菌重金属污染状况。同时使用自制问卷,通过偶遇调查法了解海淀区部分居民对于食用菌重金属污染的知、信、行情况。结果福建产木耳As超标,为2.407μg/g;北京鲜香菇、北京干香菇及福建干香菇镉含量超标,分别为0.793μg/g、0.648μg/g和0.630μg/g;其余检测结果均符合国家标准。问卷调查发现,被调查者中,对于食用菌可能存在重金属污染的知晓率为32.1%,是否知晓与学历高低有关,P值<0.05。女性过去一个月吃木耳的频率比男性高(P<0.05),但每次吃的量比男性少(P<0.05)。结论北京市海淀区市售正规两种食用菌产品重金属污染风险较低,食用较为安全。居民重金属污染知晓率尚低,食品安全意识有待提高。

Objective To detect the heavy metal content in 2 kinds of edible fungi (A. auricula, and L. edodes) sold in Haidian district, Beijing, and to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of residents on potential heavy metal pollution of edible fungi. Methods In December 2014, samples of 2 kinds of edible fungi were collected in supermarkets and farmer’s markets to detect the content of copper, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the KAP of residents in Haidian District on potential heavy metal pollution of edible fungi was assessed using self-administered questionnaire. Results Dried A. auricula from Fujian contained excessive amounts of arsenic (2.407 μg/g), fresh Beijing L. edodes, dried L. edodes from Beijing and Fujian contained excessive amounts of cadmium (0.793μg/g, 0.648μg/g and 0.630μg/g, respectively). Other results were in accordance with national standards. The results of KAP survey showed that only 32.1% residents had the knowledge of potential heavy metal pollution in edible fungi, which showed an educational level related (P<0.05). The&nbsp;frequency of female eating A. auriculain in the past month was higher than that of male (P<0.05), however the amount that female eating each time was less than that of male (P<0.05). Conclusion A. auriculain and L. edodes sold in formal markets in Haidian district had a relatively low risk of heavy metal pollution. While the residents still had less knowledge of the potential pollution in edible fungi, which needed to be improved.