免疫法快速检测食品中黄曲霉毒素的研究进展

Advances in the rapid detection of aflatoxin in foodstuffs by immunising method

黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxin)是由霉菌黄曲霉和寄生曲霉感染后产生的次生代谢产物,是自然界中毒性最强的化合物之一,被世界卫生组织的癌症研究机构(IARC)划定为I类致癌物质,与肝癌的发生密切相关。黄曲霉毒素很容易污染谷物、坚果、香料、植物油脂、乳类及其制品等多种食品。因此,研究出快速、准确、高效的食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法是政府、企业和研究者们一直以来的共同目标。本文综述了近年来基于免疫技术发展的各种快速检测黄曲霉毒素方法,主要包括酶联免疫吸附测定法、胶体金免疫层析法、免疫传感器、免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法、免疫荧光法、放射免疫法、时间分辨荧光免疫分析法和量子点探针法的基本原理、适用范围、检测效果、优缺点及国内外应用等方面进展,为今后研发更优的检测黄曲霉素新方法提供借鉴。

Aflatoxin is secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species of fungi. As one of the most toxic compounds in nature, aflatoxin has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) as group I carcinogen and is closely related to the development of liver cancer. Cereals, nuts, spices, vegetable oil, milk and their products are the most susceptible commodities to aflatoxin. Therefore, it is a common goal for the government, enterprises and researchers to detect aflatoxin in foodstuffs rapidly, accurately and efficiently. In this paper, the principle, effect, characteristics and application of the methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), colloidal gold immunoassay, immunosensor assay, immunoaffinity column clean-up and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), immunofluorescencebased measurement, radio immunoassay, time resolved fluoroimmunoassay and quantum dots as fluorescent probes assay based on immune technology, were reviewed, so as to provide important references for the development of new superior detection methods of aflatoxin.