牛羊乳混掺检测鉴别技术研究进展

Research advance in detection and identification of the adulteration of goat milk with cow milk

近年来,羊乳以其较好的营养特性渐成流行趋势,由于季节波动的影响,其价格远高于牛乳。在经济利益的驱动下,羊乳中掺入牛乳的现象时有发生,且呈现日趋严重的趋势,制约了羊奶产业的良性发展,迫切需要建立快速准确的牛羊乳混掺定性定量检测技术体系。本文对牛羊乳的差异及据此建立的、业已报道的相关检测技术进行了比较分析。常用检测技术主要包括色谱技术(气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相色谱)、电泳技术(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、等电点聚焦电泳、毛细管电泳)、酶联免疫技术、聚合酶链式反应技术等,介绍了各种检测技术的原理及特点,并分析其可行性,为探索新的高效检测方法提供了思路,为牛羊乳混掺检测分析提供文献参考。

In recent years, goat milk has gradually become the popular trend for its good nutritional properties. Due to seasonal fluctuations, the price of goat milk is much higher than cow milk. Driven by economic interests, the adulteration of goat milk with cow milk occurred, and seriously hampered the development of goat milk industry. So a rapid and accurate quantitative detection method for adulteration needs to be established. In this paper, the differences between goat milk and cow milk were analyzed, and the correlation detection techniques were compared. Analytical techniques mainly included chromatography(gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography), electrophoresis technology(polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis), enzyme-linked immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction technique and so on. The principle and characteristics of a variety of detection technologies were discussed and the feasibilities were analyzed, which would provide references for establishing a feasible and efficient detection method.