欧盟转基因生物安全管理制度分析

Reviews of European Union safety management system of genetically modified organisms

为了确保现代生物技术的发展,尤其是转基因生物的安全性,欧盟通过立法建立了一套非常严格的转基因法律框架和安全评价标准。本文从欧盟转基因法律框架构成、转基因产品的授权审批程序、转基因产品的标识管理、转基因产品的检测和安全评价方面对欧盟转基因产品的监管制度进行了分析解读,并展示了欧盟转基因生物管理中各个主管机构的作用和关系。本文简析了欧盟作为世界上对转基因生物管理最为严格的国家其立法严格的原因及其对欧盟自身带来的一系列影响。尽管转基因的安全性还未有定论,但是其带动的经济效益不可忽视,随着我国生物科技的迅速发展,转基因技术前景广阔,我国可从欧盟转基因立法中获得启示,推动我国转基因技术发展,提升我国农业综合实力。

In order to ensure the development of modern biotechnology, specifically the safety of genetically modified organisms(GMOs), the European Union(EU) has established a legal framework. This article introduced the management framework, the authorization, labeling, analysis and safety evaluation of GMOs in the EU. The figure in this article showed the character and relationship of each department in GMOs management system in the EU. This paper analyzed some reasons for the EU adopting the strictest policy of GMOs. This strict policy has brought some certain negative influences. Although the safety of GMOs was inconclusive now, its economic benefit could not be ignored. With the rapid development of biological technology in our country, transgenic technology was promising. We should draw inspiration and proposals from EU GMOs legislation in order to promote the development of transgenic technology and enhance comprehensive strength of agriculture in our country.