舟山小黄鱼的营养成分测定与分析

Determination and analysis of the nutritional components of Zhoushan Larimichthys polyactis

目的评价舟山小黄鱼的营养价值,为舟山小黄鱼产业的市场开发提供营养数据支持。方法分别采用直接干燥法、灰化法、凯氏定氮法、索氏抽提法、氨基酸自动分析仪和滴定法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定舟山小黄鱼肌肉中的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸、核苷酸、矿物质含量。结果水分、灰分、脂肪、粗蛋白、胆固醇含量分别为75.3 g/100 g、1.78 g/100 g、3.90g/100 g、18.3 g/100 g、41.7 mg/100 g; 18种氨基酸总量为15.71 g/100 g (鲜重),必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量比值和必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为43.10%和75.90%。舟山小黄鱼肌肉中的第一限制性氨基酸是半胱氨酸+甲硫氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是异亮氨酸,缬氨酸、酪氨酸+苯丙氨酸的AAS评分接近于1,其余必需氨基酸的AAS均大于1;15种不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸的41.13%,其中8种多不饱和脂肪酸占22.83%,二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸分别占总脂肪酸量的4.93%和8.38%,由脂肪酸组成计算出的动脉粥样硬化指数和血栓形成指数分别为0.75和0.46;核苷酸中含量最丰富的肌苷酸含量达1975mg/kg,对舟山小黄鱼鲜美滋味的贡献最大。富含的K、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu和Se等矿物元素含量分别为3330、256.5、76.9、6.25、3.03、2.11和0.86 mg/kg。结论舟山小黄鱼是一种高营养价值的海水鱼类,具有广泛的市场开发潜力。

Objective To evaluate the nutritional value of Zhoushan Larimichthys polyactis, in order to provide nutritional data support for the market development of Zhoushan Larimichthys polyactis industry. Methods The content of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide, mineral was determined by direct drying method, ashing method, kjeldahl method, soxhlet extraction, amino acid automatic analyzer and titration method, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), respectively. Results The content of moisture, ash, fat, crude protein and cholesterol was 75.3 g/100 g, 1.78 g/100 g, 3.90 g/100 g, 18.3 g/100 g and 41.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The total content of 18 kinds of amino acids was 15.71 g/100 g(fresh weight), and the ratio of essential amino acid/total amino acid(EAA/TAA)and essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid(EAA/NEAA) was 43.10% and 75.90%, respectively. The first limiting amino acid in muscle of Zhoushan Larimichthys polyactis was cysteine+methionine, and the second limiting amino acid was isoleucine. The amino acid score(AAS) scores of valine and tyrosine+phenylalanine were close to 1,and AAS of the remaining essential amino acids were all greater than 1. The content of 15 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 41.13% of total fatty acids, of which 8 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) accounted for 22.83%, eicosapntemacnioc acid(EPA) and docose hexaenoie acid(DHA) accounted for 4.93% and 8.38% of total fatty acids, respectively, and the atherogenic index(AI) and thrombogenic index(TI) calculated from the composition of fatty acids was 0.75 and 0.46, respectively. The most abundant inosinemonphosphate(IMP) content amounted to1975 mg/kg, which contributed the most to the delicious taste of Zhoushan Larimichthys polyactis. The content of rich mineral elements such as K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se were 3330, 256.5, 76.9, 6.25, 3.03, 2.11 and 0.86 mg/kg,respectively. Conclusion Zhoushan Larimichthys polyactis is a kind of seawater fish with high nutritional value,which has a wide potential development for market.