牛乳过敏原β-乳球蛋白检测方法的研究进展

Research progress on the detection methods of cow's milk allergen β-lactoglobulin

目的食物过敏已成为全球性的食品安全问题,欧美等发达国家均要求对食品中的过敏原成分进行标识,其中就包括作为八大过敏性食物之一的牛乳及其乳制品。β-乳球蛋白是牛乳中的主要过敏原,约占乳清蛋白的50%,牛乳总蛋白的10%,并且约有82%的牛乳过敏患者对β-乳球蛋白过敏,因此其可以作为检测食品中是否含牛乳蛋白的一个有效的标志物。建立灵敏、可靠的β-乳球蛋白检测方法,对牛乳过敏原标识及保障牛乳过敏人群的安全消费具有重要意义。本文主要综述了牛乳β-乳球蛋白的高效液相色谱法、超高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、酶联免疫吸附法、免疫层析法、电化学免疫法、蛋白微阵列法、等离子体共振法等色谱学和免疫学检测方法的研究进展,并对未来发展方向作出展望,以期促进牛乳β-乳球蛋白等过敏原检测方法的研究与开发。

Food allergies have become global health concern.In European Union,America and other developed countries,food allergens are need to be labeled,including cow’s milk and its products,regarded as one of the eight major allergic foods.Bovineβ-lactoglobulin is one of the major allergens of milk,accounts for 10%of total milk proteins and 50%of whey proteins.In addition,approximately 82%of cow’s milk allergy patients are sensitive toβ-lactoglobulin.Therefore,β-lactoglobulin could be as an important biomarker for detection of milk protein.Development of sensitive and reliableβ-lactoglobulin detection methods are important for milk allergens labeling,and aiding in the prevention of exposure to milk allergens.In this paper,theβ-lactoglobulin detection methods were summarized,such as high performance liquid chromatography,ultra performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunochromatography,electrochemical immunosensor,protein microarray and surface plasmon resonance.Finally,we outlook the research trend of detection methods in the future,in order to promote the research and development ofβ-lactoglobulin detection methods.