水生生物重金属富集规律研究

Accumulations of heavy metal in aquatic organisms

重金属对水生生物具有毒害作用,已被列入水中优先控制污染物名单。影响水生生物富集重金属的主要因素包括生活水域、生活习性、特殊生理形态及季节变化。水生植物可通过根、茎、叶等营养器官富集重金属,且不同植物对重金属的吸收方式、积累能力和耐受水平不同。水生动物则通过呼吸、粘附和食物链途径富集重金属,体内重金属含量与食物链层级无明显对应关系,摄食习惯是主要影响因素。此外,本研究总结近3年(2015～2017)我国近岸海域的重金属污染现状,以期为中国近岸海域中水生生物的保护和海洋资源的可持续利用提供参考依据。

Heavy metals were considered as priorities to be controlled in the pollutant list,due t o its toxic effect on aquatic organisms.Main factors affecting the enrichment of heavy metals in aquatic organisms included their habitats,living habits,special physiological morphology and seasonal changes.Aquatic plants enriched heavy metals via different approaches including roots,stems and leaves,and they showed a diversity in heavy metal absorption,accumulation and tolerance.However,for aquatic animals,feeding habits were the main factors,heavy metals were concentrated through respiration,adhesion and food chains and had no significant correlation with the food chain level.In addition,this paper summarized the prevalence of heavy metal pollution in the coastal areas of China from2015 to 2017,and aimed to provide references for aquatic organisms protection and marine resources sustainability in the coastal regions of China.