2018年北京市社区居民冰箱食源性致病菌污染状况分析研究

Analysis on the pollution status of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in refrigerator of community residents in Beijing in 2018

目的了解社区居民家用冰箱食源性致病菌污染现状。方法从北京市选择5个区的359户居民,对居民家中的冰箱微生物污染状况进行检测与分析。分别对冰箱冷藏室的隔板和底部进行涂抹采样,并采用标准方法对采集的涂抹样品进行4种微生物检测。结果在6月份、8月份和10月份共采集冰箱冷藏室涂抹样品718件,其中大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为48.05%、0.14%、0.42%、1.25%。冰箱冷藏室底部涂抹样品359件,大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为50.70%、0.00%、0.56%、0.84%。冰箱冷藏室隔板涂抹样品359件,大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为45.40%、0.28%、0.28%、1.67%;大肠菌群在8月份检出率最高。结论家用冰箱冷藏室内部有食源性致病菌检出,存在安全隐患,居民应定期清洗冰箱,预防食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To investigate the present situation of food-borne pathogenic bacteria contamination in community household refrigerators.Methods Totally 359 households in 5 districts of Beijing city were selected to detect and analyze the microbial contamination of refrigerators.The separators and bottom of refrigerator freezer were smeared and sampled separately,and 4 kinds of microorganisms were detected by standard method.Results Totally 718 smear samples were collected from refrigerators in the months of June,August and October.The positive rates of coliforms,Listeria monocytogenes,Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus were 48.05%,0.14%,0.42%and 1.25%,respectively.For the 359 samples collected from the bottom of refrigerators,the positive rates of coliforms,L.monocytogenes,Y.enterocolitica,and S.aureus were 50.70%,0.00%,0.56%,and 0.84%,respectively.For the 359 samples collected from separators of refrigerators,the positive rates of coliforms,L.monocytogenes,Y.enterocolitica,and S.aureus were 45.40%,0.28%,0.28%,and 1.67%,respectively.Coliforms had the highest detection rate in August.Conclusion Food-borne pathogens are detected in the refrigerator compartment of household refrigerators,which poses a food safety hazard threat.Residents should regularly clean the refrigerator to prevent foodborne diseases.