2018年广西市售蔬菜镉污染现状及其暴露评估

Cadmium pollution status and exposure assessment of commercial vegetables in Guangxi in 2018

目的了解广西市售蔬菜中镉的污染状况,评估广西居民通过食用市售蔬菜镉暴露风险程度。方法利用2018年广西监督抽检蔬菜中镉含量数据和广西居民蔬菜平均摄入量数据,采用点估计模型计算广西居民食用蔬菜中镉暴露水平。结果 9047批次蔬菜样品中,镉平均含量为0.02322 mg/kg,茎类蔬菜和豆类蔬菜镉检出率较低,分别为56.52%和48.65%;鳞茎类蔬菜镉超标率最高为6.90%;批发市场蔬菜镉检出率和超标率最高,分别为89.31%、5.66%;全区14个地市市售蔬菜平均含镉量区别不大,I市镉检出率最高为97.16%,B市镉超标率最高,为5.22%;广西居民经食用市售蔬菜所致镉的月平均暴露量范围为1.77~5.29μg/kgBW,占每月可耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable monthly intake, PTMI)的7.08%~21.16%。结论广西市售蔬菜中存在一定程度的镉超标情况,但居民通过食用市售蔬菜的镉暴露量不高,对人体的健康风险较小。

Objective To investigate the cadmium pollution status in commercial vegetables in Guangxi,and evaluate the cadmium exposure level of commercial vegetables for consumption by residents in Guangxi.Methods Using the data of cadmium content in vegetables monitored by Guangxi in 2018 and the data of average intake of vegetables in Guangxi,and point estimation model was used to calculate the cadmium exposure level of vegetables in Guangxi.Results Totally 9047 vegetable samples were analyzed,the average content of cadmium was 0.02322 mg/kg,the detection rate of cadmium in stem vegetables and legume vegetables was lower,they were 56.52%and 48.65%,and the exceed ratio of cadmium in bulb vegetables was the highest.The detection rate and the exceed ratio of cadmium in vegetables were the highest in terminal market,they were 89.31%and 5.66%,respectively.The average content of cadmium in commercial vegetables made little different in 14 cities of Guangxi,the detection rate of cadmium in I city was the highest,it was 97.16%,and the violation rate of cadmium in B city was the highest,it was 5.22%.The average monthly exposure to cadmium from commercial vegetables in Guangxi was 1.77-5.29μg/kg BW,accounting for 7.08%-21.16%of provisional tolerable monthly intake.Conclusion A certain degree of cadmium exceeded the standard to commercial vegetables in Guangxi.However,the amount of cadmium exposed to commercial vegetables is not high by residents,which has a less risk to human health.