食源性致病菌溯源分型技术研究进展

Advances in traceability typing and identification of foodborne pathogens

微生物溯源分型,是根据微生物的生化特征或基因特征,对不同来源微生物间的关系迚行分型溯源。通过对食源性致病菌的分型研究,精确分析食源性致病菌的特征,查找食源性致病菌的来源,为有效应对食品安全提供技术支持。随着分子生物学和测序技术的发展,微生物溯源分型技术获得了巨大的发展,传统的溯源分型斱法主要是表型分型和基因型分型,本文以沙门氏菌为例介绍了食源性致病菌溯源分型技术的最新研究迚展,综述了食源性致病菌分型技术中的生化分型法、血清学分型法、抗生素耐药分型法、基于蛋白质指纹图谱分型技术、脉冲场凝胶电泳技术、重复序列扩增分型技术、有规律间隔的短回文重复序列技术、核心基因组多位点序列分析分型法、基于全基因组测序的单核苷酸多态性分型法等技术,为做好食源性致病菌的监管工作提供有力参考.

Based on the biochemical characteristics or genetic characteristics of microorganisms,microbial traceability typing is classification of the relationship between different sources of microorganisms.Through the typing study of foodborne pathogens,the characteristics of foodborne pathogens are accurately analyzed,and the sources of foodborne pathogens are found,which provide technical support for effective response to food safety.With the development of molecular biology and sequencing technology,microbial traceability typing technology has made great progress.The traditional traceability typing methods are mainly phenotypic typing and genotyping.Taking Salmonella as an example,this paper introduced the latest research progress of traceability typing technology of foodborne pathogenic bacteria,and reviewedbiochemical typing,serological typing,antibiotic resistance typing,protein fingerprinting typing,pulsed field gel electrophoresis,repetitive sequence amplification typing,regularly spaced short palindrome repeat technology,core genome multilocus sequence typing,and whole genome sequencing,which provided a powerful reference for the supervision of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.