甲壳类水产品中重金属镉的风险评估

Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Level from Crustacean Aquatic Products

利用上海市2013—2017年市售甲壳类水产品镉污染的风险监测数据和2013年上海市居民食物消费量调查数据,采用@Risk 7.5软件的概率评估方法开展甲壳类水产品镉污染的风险评估。评估结果表明,全市居民通过甲壳类水产品镉的每月平均暴露量和P95高端暴露量分别为0.91μg/(kg·bw)和22.41μg/(kg·bw),分别占PTMI的3.64%和89.64%。上海市普通居民通过甲壳类水产品平均镉暴露量不大,健康风险较小。但考虑到镉为国际癌症研究机构(IARC)确认的Ⅰ类致癌物,以及镉暴露还存在其他众多的食品来源,因此,甲壳类水产品镉暴露的健康风险,尤其是高端暴露人群的健康风险仍不容忽视,需要进一步采取综合措施降低甲壳类水产品中镉污染。

Combining the data of monitoring the levels of cadmium residue in crustacean aquatic products of 2013—2017 in Shanghai with the data of food consumption survey in Shanghai residents in 2013,obtain the risk assessment of cadmium exposure level from crustacean aquatic products and the safety of Shanghai residents by using probabilistic assessment.According to the probability assessment,the mean cadmium exposure levels of crustacean aquatic products and the P95 highend exposure levels were 0.91μg/(kg·bw)and 22.41μg/(kg·bw)monthly,which accounts for 3.64%and 89.64%of PTMI respectively.The average cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents through crustacean aquatic products was low and thus the low health risk.However,considering cadmium as one of the carcinogens identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and from other sources of food,the health risks of cadmium exposure to crustacean aquatic products,especially those of high-end exposures,should not be neglected.Further measures should be taken to reduce cadmium contamination in crustacean aquatic products as far as possible.