纤维素酶的蛋白质工程研究进展

Recent Advances of Protein Engineering of Cellulase

纤维素是自然界中分布最广、含量最多的一种多糖有机物。纤维素酶可以特异性降解纤维素产生生物燃料,是未来生物能源发展的重要方向之一。野生型纤维素酶通常存在热稳定低、终端产物抑制、酶解效率低、生产成本高等问题。通过蛋白质工程和计算生物学的方法对纤维素酶的各个结构域(催化结构域、碳化合物结合模块、Linker等)进行分子改造,是开发高效纤维素酶的重要手段。对纤维素酶各个结构域在蛋白质工程学方法取得的最新进展进行综述。近期研究的发展方向,一是更多地利用计算生物学的方法来研究酶特性,然后在试验中进行验证;二是利用蛋白质工程手段开发纤维素酶辅助蛋白,提升酶降解纤维素的能力。

Cellulose is the most widely distributed and organic polysaccharide in nature.Cellulase functions to cleave cellulose,producing biofuel such as cellulosic ethanol.Wild type cellulases generally have problems such as low heat stability,inhibition of end products,low enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency,and high production cost.Molecular engineering of various domains of cellulase(catalytic domain,carbon compound binding module,and Linker,etc.)by protein engineering and computational biology is an important mean to develop high-efficiency cellulose.The development direction of protein engineering of cellulase is to use more computational biology methods to study enzyme properties and then verify them in experiments;The second is to use protein engineering methods to develop cellulase auxiliary proteins and enhance the ability of enzymes to degrade cellulose.