水代法提取葵花籽油及乳状液的破除

Aqueous extraction and demulsification of sunflower oil

利用激光共聚焦电镜对葵花籽原料中的油体和蛋白质的分布状态进行了表征。再以脱酚葵花籽仁为原料,结合激光共聚焦显微镜分析,探讨了不同的粉碎粒度对葵花籽提油率的影响。结果表明,当平均粒径小于30μm时,葵花籽的游离油率最高。水代法的最高提油率为87.12%。然而,水代法提取葵花籽油过程中会产生大量高含油量的乳状液难以破除。因此比较了不同的破乳处理方法,包括乙醇辅助、热处理、高速剪切、冷冻解冻及不同种类酶处理等方法的破乳效果,结果表明,冷冻解冻法破乳效果最优,破乳率为94.01%。乙醇辅助破乳法次之,破乳率为92.02%,使得最终葵花籽总提油率达到95.63%。将水代法制取的葵花籽油与市售压榨的葵花籽油进行比较,结果表明,水代法所提油脂具有较好的品质,达到了冷榨一级油标准。优化的葵花籽油提取工艺合理、可行。

The microstructure of sunflower seeds was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope( CLSM).The effect of particle size of material on oil extraction yield was investigated.The result showed that the particle size of the sunflower seed smaller than 30 μm could obtain the highest oil yields,the total oil yields was 87.12% by aqueous extraction processing( AEP).However,AEP could produce more oil rich emulsion.In order to increase the total oil yield,this study was also compared various demulsification treatments,including: ethanol assisted,thermal,high speed shear,freeze- thaw and enzymatic treatments. The results showed that freeze- thaw and ethanol assisted treatments methods obtained better oil recovery yields( 94.01% and 92.02%,respectively).In addition,the total oil yield was increased to 95.63%.What's more,the quality of oil obtained by aqueous extraction processing was very high and was comparable with the quality of cold- pressed oils. The optimization of sunflower seed oil extraction process technology was reasonable and feasible.