珠子参中皂苷成分及其药理活性研究进展

Research Progress on Saponins and Pharmacological Activities of Panax japonicus

珠子参为五加科人参属药用植物,属于珍稀物种。珠子参具有保护心脑血管系统、中枢神经系统、肝脏以及抗炎、抗肿瘤等药理活性。与同属的人参、西洋参和三七等植物相类似,珠子参中的主要活性成分为三萜皂苷,根据苷元结构的不同可将珠子参皂苷分为2大类,分别为:齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷和达玛烷型四环三萜皂苷。本文结合近20年来的研究文献,就珠子参的资源分布、不同部位中的皂苷成分及药理活性进行了综述,以此对以珠子参为原料的药品及保健食品的开发利用提供理论参考。

Panax japonicus is a kind of rare species which belongs to Panax genus under Araliaceae family.Panax japonicus has protective effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system,central nervous system and liver,and possesses anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities.The major bioactive components in Panax japonicus are triterpene saponins,which is similar to the congeneric plants: Panax ginseng,Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng. According to the different structures of aglycone,the triterpene saponins in Panax japonicus can be divided into two groups: oleanane type saponins and dammarane type saponins. According to the references in the past twenty years,the resource distribution,constituents of triterpene saponins from different parts of Panax japonicus and their pharmacological activities were summarized in this review,thus provided theoretical reference for the development of medicine and health food with Panax japonicus as raw material.