不同产地香椿嫩芽主要营养成分、活性物质及挥发性成分分析

Analysis of Main Nutrients,Active Ingredients and Volatile Components of Toona sinensis Buds from Different Regions

为分析比较不同产地香椿嫩芽的品质差异和加工适用性,以6个产地来源的红油香椿为研究对象,采用常规理化方法测定香椿嫩芽中可溶性蛋白、维生素C(V_C)、总黄酮、总生物碱、总多糖、总多酚、总皂苷含量,采用顶空固相微萃取以及气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析鉴定香椿嫩芽的挥发性成分。结果表明:6个产地中,山东淄博香椿嫩芽中可溶性蛋白含量最高,达0.74%;河南桐柏香椿嫩芽中的V_C含量最高,达0.83%,与其他产地差异显著(p <0.05);山西永济香椿嫩芽的总黄酮、总生物碱、总多糖、总多酚和总皂苷含量均明显高于其他产地。6个产地香椿嫩芽共检出87种挥发性物质,其中河南新乡检出16种,河南桐柏33种,山西永济29种,山东淄博28种,陕西安康33种,湖北十堰陆35种,6个产地香椿嫩芽共检出6种共有化合物,分别为2-己烯醛、β-环柠檬醛、2,4-二甲基噻吩、2-巯基-2,3-二氢-3,4-二甲基噻吩、古巴烯和[1R-(1R~*,4Z,9S~*)]-4,11,11-4,11,11-三甲基-8-亚甲基-二环[7.2.0]十一碳-4-烯。不同产地相对含量较高的为萜烯类、醛类和含硫类物质,且检出种类最多的均为萜烯类物质。综合分析山西永济香椿品质较为优良,不同产地香椿营养成分、活性物质及挥发性成分呈现出产地差异性,可根据产品加工需求选择原料产地。

In order to analyze and compare the quality differences and processing applicability of Toona sinensis buds from 6 growing areas,the main chemical components of Toona sinensis buds were investigated.The contents of soluble protein,vitamin C(V_C),total flavonoids,total alkaloids,total polysaccharide,total polyphenol and total saponins were determined by physical and chemical methods. The volatile compounds were determined by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that Toona sinensis buds from Zibo in Shandong exhibited the highest content of soluble protein,which was 0.74%;Toona sinensis buds from Tongbai in Henan exhibited significantly higher content of V_Cthan other areas(p < 0.05),which was 0.83%;Toona sinensis buds from Yongji in Shanxi exhibited significantly highest contents of total flavonoids,total alkaloids,total polysaccharide,total polyphenol and total saponins among the six areas).A total of 87 aroma compounds were identified,16,33,29,28,33 and 35 of which were detected in Toona sinensis buds from Xinxiang of Henan,Tongbai of Henan,Yongji of Shanxi,Zibo of Shandong,Ankang of Shaanxi,Shiyan of Hubei,respectively.6 identical compounds were identified in Toona sinensis buds among the six areas,including 2-hexenal,2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde,2,4-dimethyl-thiophene,2-mercapto-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothiophene,copaene,[1R-(1R~*,4Z,9S ~*) ]-bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene,4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-.Terpenes,aldehydes and the sulfide compounds were present as the dominant compounds in all six samples,and the number of terpenes was the largest. All the above results suggested that the quality of Toona sinensis buds from Yongji of Shanxi was better.Toona sinensis buds from different growing areas had significant differences in nutrients,active ingredients and volatile components,thus the origin of raw materials should be selected according to the processing demand of the products.