微生物来源的唾液酸转移酶研究进展

Research Progress of Sialyltransferases Stemmed from Microorganisms

唾液酸转移酶属糖基转移酶家族,以唾液酸胞苷单磷酸酯(CMP-Neu5Ac)为供体底物,催化唾液酸转移至糖蛋白与糖脂末端,是合成唾液酸化寡糖途径中所必需的酶类。微生物来源的唾液酸转移酶具有较广泛的底物特异性,且容易在常见的原核生物表达系统中过量表达,对酶学特性的研究及丰富唾液酸寡糖种类具有重要意义。本文综述了唾液酸转移酶的分类与微生物来源、晶体结构、催化反应机理、酶学性质、异源表达以及在唾液酸寡糖合成中的应用,并对唾液酸转移酶的未来发展方向进行了展望,以扩展这些酶在糖化学和糖生物学中的应用。

Sialic acid transferase belongs to the family of glycosyl transferase,with cytidyl sialoside phosphate (CMP-Neu5 Ac)as the donor substrate and transferring sialic acid to the ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids.Such enzymes are essential in the synthesis pathways of sialic acid oligosaccharides.Microbial sialyltransferases have broader substrate specificities and are readily overexpressed in common prokaryotic expression systems. It is of great significance for studying enzymatic properties and producing different sialyl oligosaccharides.This review summarized the classification and microbial sources of sialyltransferases,the crystal structure,the mechanism of catalytic reaction,the enzymatic properties,the clone and expression,and their applications in the synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides.The future study direction of sialyltransferases was also prospected,in order to expand the application of these enzymes in sugar chemistry and sugar biology.