工蜂采集蜂胶的行为观察及胶源植物的研究

Behavior Observation of Worker Bees Collecting Propolis and Plant Origin of Propolis

蜂胶中大约50%成分来自植物树脂,不同地区的蜂胶具有不同的植物来源。本实验通过对工蜂采集蜂胶的行为进行观察,并运用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)对加拿大杨树芽的树脂(简称加杨芽脂)、采胶工蜂后足上的树脂和蜂箱中蜂胶的多酚类成分进行分析。结果表明:加杨芽脂、工蜂后足上的树脂和蜂胶不仅在物理状态上非常接近,而且在化学成分及其相对含量上也很相似。因此,中国蜂胶的胶源植物是黑杨派中欧洲黑杨以及它的杂交品种——加拿大杨。

Propolis is generally made up of 50% plant resins, and its variety depends on plant origins in the location where honeybees collecte propolis. In this study, it was observed that honeybee workers collected resin from the bud of Populus canadensis Moench, carried the red resin with their hind legs and then removed the pieces of red resin inside the hive. Furthermore, the bud resin of Populus canadensis Moench, resinous substance collected from honeybees' hind legs and propolis in bee houses were extracted separately with aqueous ethanol solvent for the analysis of polyphenolic components via high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The resu lts suggested that their similarity displayed not only in physical properties but also chemical components as well as relative content of each component. Thus, the plant origin of Chinese propolis can be Populus canadensis Moencha, a hybrid variety of Populus nigra L.