山泉水人工养殖金鳟鱼卵及鱼皮营养成分的测定与分析

Nutritional Components of Eggs and Skin of Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum Cultured in Spring Water

为了开发利用金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)鱼卵和鱼皮,对养殖的金鳟鱼卵和鱼皮营养成分进行测定。结果表明:鱼卵和鱼皮均含有18种氨基酸,鱼卵中必需氨基酸(essential amino acids,EAA)含量/氨基酸总量(amount of amino acid,TAA)为43.0%,EAA/非必需氨基酸(non-essential amino acids,NEAA)含量为75.5%,鱼皮中EAA/TAA为20.7%,EAA/NEAA为26.0%,但鲜味氨基酸(delicious amino acid,DAA)含量/TAA较高(50.1%),且DAA以甘氨酸(Gly)含量(180.0 mg/g)最高;鱼卵和鱼皮中分别含有22 种和18种脂肪酸,鱼卵和鱼皮的不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为83.11%和66.96%,且多不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为58.51%和29.55%,鱼卵中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸总量为16.53%,高于鱼皮(2.90%);鱼卵中P含量最高,Mn含量最低,分别为10 520.00、1.79 mg/kg;鱼皮中Ca含量最高,Mn含量最低,分别为9 199.03、0.50 mg/kg;鱼卵中Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Mn和Se含量显著高于鱼皮,而K、Ca和Fe含量明显低于鱼皮。本研究说明鱼卵属优质蛋白源,鱼皮含有丰富的胶原蛋白,且鱼卵和鱼皮中均含有丰富的矿物质和不饱和脂肪酸,具有较大的潜在开发利用价值。

The nutritional components of eggs and skin of Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum cultured in spring water in Guizhou province were determined. The results showed that 18 kinds of amino acids were found in eggs and the skin; the ratios of essential amino acid to total amino acid and to non-essential amino acid in eggs were 43.0% and 75.5%, respectively, while those in skin were 20.7% and 26.0%, respectively, but the ratio of delicious amino acid(DAA) to total amino acid was higher(50.1%) with glycine(180.0 mg/g) being the most abundant DAA. The eggs and skin contained with 22 and 18 kinds of fatty acids, respectively, in which the saturated fatty acids accounted for 83.11% and 66.96%, respectively, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 58.51% and 29.55%, respectively. The proportion of EPA + DHA was 16.53% in eggs, which was higher than that in skin(2.90%). In eggs, P was the most abundant and Mn the least abundant mineral element, and their contents were 10 520.00 and 1.79 mg/kg, respectively. In skin, the content of Ca was the highest, and Mn was the lowest, which were 9 199.03 and 0.50 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of predominant mineral elements(Ca, P, Cu, Zn, Mn and Se) in eggs were higher than in skin, while K, Ca and Fe contents were lower than in skin. This research showed that the eggs of farmed Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum were a high-quality protein source, while the skin contained an abundant amount of collagen. Both eggs and skin were rich in minerals and unsaturated fatty acids, with huge potential for development and utilization.