我国主要金柑品种果皮中挥发性成分比较

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Components of Major Varieties of Kumquat(Fortunella Swing) in China

基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,比较我国15个金柑品种果皮中主要挥发性物质的种类和含量差异。15个金柑品种累计检出195种挥发性物质,各品种果皮检出组分数变幅为45~78;总含量变化幅度为791.69~27 405.95 μg/g,变异系数为46.46%;包括烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类;主要成分为柠檬烯、月桂烯、松油烯、萜品烯、异柠檬烯、异松油烯、左旋-α-蒎烯、γ-榄香烯、丁香烯、吉马烯、α-紫穗槐烯、芳樟醇等物质,不同金柑品种间累计特有成分55种。利用R软件数据统计结合主成分分析,基于挥发性物质对金柑品种进行了统计学分析,结果显示我国金柑挥发性物质种类和含量丰富,差异显著,可以作为区分不同金柑的辅助工具。

The volatile components of several major kumquat varieties from China were investigated and compared. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) combined with headspace solid phase micro-extraction was used to determine the contents of volatile components from the peels of 15 different kumquat varieties. A total of 195 volatile substances were detected in all the samples, including terpenes, alcohols and aldehydes. The number of volatile components identified in each variety ranged from 45 to 78, and the total content of volatile components ranged from 791.69 to 27 405.95 μg/g fresh weight with coefficient of variation of 46.46%. The main components were limonene, myrcene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, isolimonene, terpinolene, α-pinene, γ-elemene, α-caryophyllene, germacrene D, α-amorphene and linalool. Principal component analysis(PCA) and cluster analysis were conducted based on the volatile components to classify different kumquat varieties. The results indicated that there were significant differences in volatile composition(kind and quantity) among these varieties, which could be used as an auxiliary tool to distinguish different kumquat varieties.