抗稻瘟病基因定位与克隆及其在分子育种上的应用

Research Progress of Rice Blast Resistance Gene and its Application in Breeding

稻瘟病是影响水稻生产最严重的病害之一。它是由真菌病原物Magnaporthe oryzae引起的。控制稻瘟病经济、有效和环保的方法是利用水稻品种的抗性。水稻(Oryza sativa)基因组测序已经完成,加速了稻瘟病抗性基因鉴定和克隆。至今,已经报道了69个稻瘟病抗性基因位点上的86个主效抗性基因,其中25个稻瘟病抗性基因已被克隆。本文概述了迄今已定位及克隆的稻瘟病抗性基因,以及利用DNA分子标记加速抗瘟水稻品种选育的进展,并对当前抗性基因在育种上应用所面临的问题进行探讨。

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating dise-ases affecting rice production. The most worthwhile, effective and environment-friendly w-ay to against this disease is use of resistance of rice cultivars. For the moment, the geno-mic sequences of Oryza sativa has been available. Identifying and cloning blast resistance genes are accelerated. To date, 86 major blast resistance genes distributed on 69 quantitati-ve trait locus for against to the pathogen have been identified by genetic analysis. Of them, nine major blast resistance genes in rice have been cloned. This review focuses on the recent progress on molecular mapping and cloning of blast resistance genes and the appl-ication of DNA-based markers that are used for accelerating the development of blast resistant rice cultivars. In addition, the problem of use of them on breeding at present is also discussed.