WTO框架下农产品出口补贴取消的必要性以及中国法律政策的应对

Necessity of Cancellation of Export Subsidies of Agricultural Products under the Framework of WTO and the Countermeasures of China's Legal Policy

农业作为三大产业中的基础产业,在一国经济发展中占有重要地位。二战以来,进入新时期的各国加快了农业科技研究的步伐,并佐以一系列农业保护法律政策来促进本国农业贸易的繁荣。其中,旨在保护本国农业发展的各项补贴一直存在,而出口补贴更是一度被认为是保护国内农产品市场、提升本国出口农产品竞争力的"灵丹妙药"。然而越来越多的事实证明,农产品出口补贴的有关规定不能再徘徊于《反补贴协议》之外,否则将对国际农产品的灵活流通、国家公平竞争等带来不利影响。在取消农业出口补贴成为历史和政策的必然选择的今天,以欧盟为代表的发达国家和集团仍无视各方敦促和自身承诺,仅将取消农业出口补贴置于理论层面。多哈会谈以来,经过多年的不懈努力与呼吁,2015年WTO第十届部长会议中,各方首次就多哈会谈中农业补贴的问题达成共识,承诺尽快取消农产品出口补贴。此篇文章将以我国对欧盟马铃薯淀粉开展反补贴调查为例,阐述农产品出口补贴存在和取消的原因,并对我国应有的政策调整作出分析。笔者认为,全面取消农业出口补贴对于中国来说无疑是一个好消息,中国有必要利用这次机会,合理利用"绿箱"政策,促进中国长期以来农业贸易逆差的改善甚至扭转。

As the basic of the three main industries, agriculture occupies an important position in national economic development. After World War Ⅱ, countries which came into a new period have accelerated the agricultural scientific research, prompting national agricultural with legal protection policies, in which export subside has been regarded as a kind of ' panacea ' for protecting national market and upgrading market competitiveness. But more and more cases have proved that agricultural can't disregard the Anti-subsidy agreement, otherwise it would bring negative impact on many aspects, such as agricultural market circulation and fair competition. In the trend of eliminating export subsides, the group of developed countries becomes paperbaby, not trying to keep promises of phasing out subsides. After decades of striving and appeal, in the 10th WTO ministerial meeting, all parties reached a consensus for the first time, which promises to cancel agricultural export soon. This paper takes the case of survey of potato anti-subsidy as an example to explain the reasons of eliminating agricultural export subsidy and the Chinese legal policies countermeasures. It will be a good chance for China in the era of total abolishment to agricultural export subsidy, to make rational use of ' Green Box ' policy and reverse the agriculture trade deficit.