日本科技创新“立国论”与高等教育资源配置重点的转移

Theory of Science and Technology Innovation and Emphasis Transfer of Resource Collocation of Higher Education in Japan

20世纪 90年代中期 ,为应对知识经济时代的挑战 ,日本科学技术省提出了科技创新“立国论” ,主旨在于实现经济增长方式由工业兴国向科技创新兴国的战略性转移。制定了两次《科学技术基本计划》 ,强调科学技术与教育、学术研究的关系 ;突出高等教育资源配置的国际化和市场化两大特点 ;日本实施教育资源重点配置政策是为了追求效率的最大化。但是 ,处理效率与机会均等的关系仍是日本政府制定资源配置政策所面临的重要问题。

In the mid-1990s, Japan came up with the theory of science and technology innovation, for meeting the challenges of the knowledge-economy era. This theory aimed to transfer the mode of economy increase. Basic Plans of Science and Technology was made out twice, which emphasized the relation among science technology, education and academy research. Two traits of resource collocation of higher education were extruded to get the maximum efficiency. At last, the problem is still existed on equality and efficiency when the government is making out the policy of resource collocation.