学校社区对中小学生心理社会适应的影响

The Influence of School Community on Primary and Secondary School Students’ Psychosocial Adjustment

学校是学生主要的活动场所,与中小学生的身心发展关系密切。近年来,'学校社区'的概念越来越多地出现在学术文献中。整体来看,学校社区包含四类要素:(1)学校教育相关的人员及其所带来的教育服务以及人员间的相互关系;(2)学校内部环境和校内组织机构的设置及其功能的发挥情况;(3)校内人员对学校的归属感和认同感;(4)学校社区所处的地域环境及区域性的教育制度等。通过梳理以往研究,发现上述四类要素对学生的心理社会适应(包括学业适应、人际适应、情绪适应、行为适应、自我概念等)发挥着重要的作用。未来研究可更多着眼于同一要素对于不同类型学生心理社会适应方面的影响,以及学校社区中的多个要素之间对于学生同一心理社会适应指标的相互作用。

School,the primary place of activity for primary and secondary school students before they join the labor force,is closely related to their physical and psychological development.Recent years have seen a growing use of the term'school community'in academic literature.Overall,a school community should involve four categories of factors:(1)staff related to school education,their educational service,and interpersonal relations;(2)internal environment of the school,school organizations and their functionality;(3)a sense of belonging and identity among the school staff;(4)local environment around the school community and local educational system.Previous studies have found that these factors play an important role in students’psychosocial adjustment(including academic adjustment,interpersonal adjustment,emotional adjustment,behavioral adjustment,self-concept,etc.).Future work could focus on the differentiated influence of one factor on the psychosocial adjustment in various types of students,and the multi-factor interaction in school community on a given index of students’psychosocial adjustment.