2013—2017年林州市生活饮用水卫生状况分析

Analysis of sanitary condition of drinking water in Linzhou city from 2013to 2017

目的随着经济发展和人口不断增加,水体污染日益加重,水源安全受到严重威胁。本研究探讨林州市2013-2017年生活饮用水卫生状况,为提高生活用水卫生提供依据。方法选取林州市16个乡镇以及4个街道为调查对象。采用分层随机抽样的方式选择监测点,每个乡镇监测点≥10个,共纳入监测点185个,其中出厂水46个,末梢水139个。每次检测纳入1份出厂水和4份末梢水,共纳入4 625个样本,其中925份出厂水和3 700份末梢水。对每份水样进行19项常规指标监测。结果林州市2013-2017丰水期出厂水(χ~2=1.88,P=0.75)与枯水期(χ~2=1.98,P=0.75)水质合格率差异无统计学意义;丰水期末梢水合格率2015年最低,差异有统计学意义,χ~2=25.43,P<0.001,而枯水期各年间合格率差异无统计学意义,χ~2=5.82,P=0.21。2013-2017年林州市生活饮用水完全处理和仅消毒处理微生物指标合格率呈上升趋势,沉淀过滤及未处理生活饮用水微生物指标合格率呈下降趋势。林州市2013-2017年总菌数(χ~2=82.25,P<0.001)、大肠菌群(χ~2=52.23,P<0.001)和耐热大肠菌群(χ~2=55.71,P<0.001)合格率呈下降趋势,各年间差异有统计学意义。结论林州市2013-2017年生活饮用水卫生总体良好,且水处理达标率上升。

OBJECTIVE With the development of economy and the increase of population,the pollution of residential water has been more and more serious.The safety of water sources is seriously threatened.The study aims to explore the sanitary status of drinking water in Linzhou city from 2013 to 2017,and to provide basis for improving the water quality of domestic water.METHODS Sixteen townships and four streets in Linzhou city were selected as subjects of investigation.The monitoring points were selected by stratified random sampling.There were no less than 10 monitoring points in each township.A total of 185 monitoring points were included.Among them,there are 46 outlet water and 139 peripheral water.One out-of-factory water and four end water were included in each test.A total of 4 625 samples were included,of which 925 were manufactured water and 3 700 were peripheral water.19 routine indicators were monitored for each water sample.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water quality between rainy season(χ~2=1.88,P=0.75)and dry season(χ~2=1.98,P=0.75)in Linzhou from 2013 to 2017.The qualified rate of terminal water in rainy season was the lowest in 2015,and the difference was statistically significant,χ~2=25.43,P<0.001.There was no significant difference in qualified rate between years in dry season,χ~2=5.82,P=0.21.From 2013 to 2017,the qualified rates of complete treatment and microorganism index in disinfection treatment of domestic drinking water in Linzhou city showed an upward trend.The qualified rate of microbial indicators for sediment filtration and untreated domestic drinking water decreased from 2013 to 2017.The qualified rate of total bacteria(χ~2=82.25,P<0.001),coliform(χ~2=52.23,P<0.001)and heat-resistant coliforms(χ~2=55.71,P<0.001)in Linzhou city decreased from 2013 to 2017.There was significant difference in the total number of bacteria,coliforms and heat-resistant coliforms between years.CONCLUSION The drinking water sanitation in Linzhou city from 2013 to 2017 is generally good,and the qualified rate of water treatment has increased.