甘肃省天水地区农村空巢老年人慢性病现况及社会支持和应对方式调查

Study on the status of chronic diseases,social support and coping styles of empty nesters in Tianshui countryside of Gansu province

目的随着人口老龄化进程的逐步加快,我国空巢家庭发展也较为迅速。本研究对甘肃省天水地区农村空巢老人慢病现况及社会支持和应对方式进行研究,为今后该地区社区卫生服务人员开展农村空巢老人的社区慢病干预提供参考。方法 2018-01-2018-03从甘肃省天水地区秦安县,选取2个乡镇,每个乡镇选取一个村,村中99名空巢老人作为调查对象进行调查。结果甘肃省天水地区农村空巢老人慢性病患病率为85.86%;患病率居前5位的依次为高血压、风湿性关节炎、冠心病、糖尿病、腰椎间盘突出或颈椎病。不同年龄组社会支持总分比较差异有统计学意义,F=3.71,P=0.03;男性客观支持总分为(7.04±2.46)分,高于女性的(5.90±1.76)分,差异有统计学意义,t=2.67,P=0.01。男性积极应对得分为(18.42±6.25)分,女性为(18.07±4.77)分,差异无统计学意义,t=0.32,P=0.75;男性消极应对得分为(9.84±4.79)分,女性为(8.55±4.49)分,差异无统计学意义,t=1.36,P=0.18。不同年龄组积极应对和消极应对得分比较,差异均无统计学意义,均P>0.05。空巢老人中,轻度抑郁55名(55.6%),中重度抑郁19名(19.2%)。不同性别、年龄空巢老人抑郁程度比较,差异无统计学意义,均P>0.05。结论甘肃省天水地区农村空巢老人慢性病患病率较高,抑郁率较高,社会支持较少,农村空巢老人对慢性病大部分采取积极应对方式。

OBJECTIVE With the gradual acceleration of population aging process,the empty nest families have increased relatively rapidly in China.This study investigates the chronic disease status,social support and coping styles of empty nesters in countryside of Tianshui,Gansu province,to provide reference for community intervention of empty nesters in rural areas in the future.METHODS In Qin’an county,Tianshui district,Gansu province,two townships were selected with one village for each township,and all empty nesters in the village were investigated.RESULTS The prevalence of chronic diseases among empty nesters in rural areas of Tianshui,Gansu province was 85.86%.The top five diseases were hypertension,rheumatoid arthritis,coronary heart disease,diabetes,lumbar disc herniation and cervical spondylosis.There were significant differences in the total scores of social support among different age groups,F=3.71,P=0.03.The male objective support score was(7.04±2.46),which was higher than that of female(5.90±1.76),and the difference was statistically significant,t=2.67,P=0.01.The male positive coping score was(18.42±6.25)and the female was(18.07±4.77),the difference was not statistically significant,t=0.32,P=0.75.The negative coping scores of men and women were(9.84±4.79)points and(8.55±4.49)points,respectively.The difference was not statistically significant,t=1.36,P=0.18.There was no significant difference in the scores of positive coping and negative coping among different age groups,all P>0.05.Among the empty nesters,55 persons(55.6%)were mildly depressed and 19 persons(19.2%)were moderately and severely depressed.There was no significant difference in depression among empty nesters of different sex and age groups,all P>0.05.CONCLUSIONS In Tianshui countryside of Gansu province,the prevalence of chronic diseases is higher,the depression rate is higher,and the social support is less.Most of the empty nesters in rural areas adopt positive coping styles to cope with chronic diseases.