珠三角地区医疗卫生资源配置均衡性分析

Analysis on the balance of medical and health resources allocation in the Pearl River Delta region

目的医疗卫生资源配置与区域社会经济协调发展十分重要,本研究分析珠三角地区医疗卫生资源配置区域差异和变化趋势,为推进珠三角地区医疗卫生资源统筹配置,提高医疗资源的利用效率提供依据。方法利用基尼系数和泰尔指数测算2011年和2015年珠三角医疗卫生资源配置的均衡性及公平性。结果珠三角地区按人口配置的医疗资源均衡性呈逐年增长趋势,与2011年相比,每万人护士数量增长速度最快,为36.97%,其次是每万人床位数增长了32.24%,卫生技术人员和执业医师分别增长了27.51%和25.06%。但每万人卫生技术人员、医师和护士数区域差异较大,广州、惠州和珠海的医疗资源配置明显优于深圳。人口配置的基尼系数整体呈波动下降趋势,珠三角地区医疗卫生资源配置的公平性逐年提升。注册医师、注册护士和床位按人口计算的基尼系数分别从2011年的0.132 0、0.231 6和0.084 6下降至2015年的0.100 6、0.191 1和0.038 2,下降幅度分别达到了23.78%、17.96%和54.85%,医疗卫生资源配置的公平性明显提高。结论珠三角地区医疗卫生资源布局的合理性有待提升。针对目前珠三角地区医疗资源配置存在的问题,应将优质医疗资源更多地向广州和深圳周边的中等城市倾斜。

OBJECTIVE The allocation of medical and health resources and the coordinated development of regional social economy are very important.The study aims to analyze the regional differences and trends in the allocation of medical and health resources in the Pearl River Delta region,promote the overall allocation of medical and health resources in the Pearl River Delta region.METHODS Using the Gini coefficient and theil index,the analysis was conducted on the allocation and fairness of health resource in 2011 and 2015 in the Pearl River Delta.RESULTS The balance of medical resources allocated by population in the Pearl River Delta region was increasing year by year.Compared with 2011,the number of nurses per 10 000 was the fastest,with an increase of 36.97%,followed by a 32.24%increase in the number of beds per 10 000 people.Health technicians and medical practitioners increased by 27.51%and 25.06%respectively.However,the medical resources allocation in Guangzhou,Huizhou,and Zhuhai was significantly better than that in Shenzhen.From the analysis of Gini coefficient,the Gini coefficient of population distribution showed the overall downward trend.The Pearl River Delta region of the fairness of health resource allocation increased year by year.The Gini coefficient of registered physicians,registered nurses and beds in terms of population decreased from 0.132 0 in 2011,0.231 6 and0.084 6 to 0.100 6 in 2015,0.191 1 and 0.038 2.The decline reached 23.78%,17.96%and 54.85%.The fairness of the allocation of health resources increased significantly.CONCLUSIONS The rationality of the layout of medical resources in the Pearl River Delta region needs to be improved.In view of the present problems existing in the Pearl River Delta regional medical resource allocation,high quality medical resources should be more inclined to middle cities around Guangzhou and Shenzhen.