滑县地区妊娠期糖尿病危险因素分析

Investigation on risk factors related to 106 cases of gestational diabetes in Huaxian County

目的妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)作为妊娠期特有疾病,严重影响妊娠结局,探究滑县地区GDM发病情况,分析其相关危险因素,旨在为降低GDM发病率提供理论依据。方法选取2015-06-18—2018-05-18滑县人民医院妇产科收治的GDM患者106例,选取同期非GDM孕妇130例,通过问卷形式展开调查,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验,多因素分析采用Logistic回归。结果 GDM患者与非GDM孕妇年龄(χ~2=12.882,P<0.001)、孕次(χ~2=10.929,P=0.001)、体质量指数(χ~2=72.137,P<0.001)、糖尿病家族史(χ~2=47.603,P<0.001)、孕期运动(χ~2=64.341,P<0.001)及血红蛋白水平(χ~2=8.981,P=0.003)相比,差异有统计学意义;GDM患者与非GDM孕妇文化程度对比,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.008,P=0.928)。经Logistic回归分析可知,孕妇年龄≥35岁(OR=2.010,95%CI为1.214~3.330,P=0.003)、超重(OR=1.702,95%CI为1.322~3.669,P=0.001)、糖尿病家族史(OR=2.323,95%CI为1.522~4.298,P=0.004)均为GDM发病危险因素,孕期运动(OR=0.463,95%CI为0.232~0.925,P=0.029)则为GDM发病保护因素。结论孕期运动为GDM保护因素,孕妇年龄≥35岁、超重、糖尿病家族史均为GDM发病危险因素。

OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),as a specific disease during pregnancy,seriously affects the pregnancy outcome.The study investigates the incidence of GDM in Hua County,and analyzes its related risk factors,aiming to reduce the incidence of GDM.METHODS A total of 106 cases of GDM patients were selected from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in People′s Hospital of Huaxian County since June 18,2015 to May 18,2018.A total of 130 non-GDM pregnant women in the same period were investigated.The chi-square test was used to compare the counting data,and Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in age(χ~2=12.882,P<0.001),gravidity times(χ~2=10.929,P=0.001),body mass index(BMI)(χ~2=72.137,P<0.001),family history of diabetes(χ~2=47.603,P<0.001),pregnancy exercise(χ~2=64.341,P<0.001)and hemoglobin level(χ~2=8.981,P=0.003)between GDM patients and non-GDM pregnant women.There was no significant difference in the educational level between GDM patients and non-GDM pregnant women(χ~2=0.008,P=0.928).Logistic regression analysis showed that the age of pregnant women≥35 years old(OR=2.010,95%CI:1.214-3.330,P=0.003),overweight(OR=1.702,95%CI:1.322-3.669,P=0.001),diabetes family history(OR=2.323,95%CI:1.522-4.298,P=0.004)were risk factors for GDM,and pregnant women′s exercise was the protective factor of GDM(OR=0.463,95%CI:0.232-0.925,P=0.029).CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy exercise is a protective factor for GDM.It is necessary to guide patients to strengthen pregnant exercise clinically.Age no less than 35 years old,overweight and family history of diabetes are risk factors for GDM.