老年高血压患者危险因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis of risk factors in elderly patients with hypertension

目的 高血压是老年人最常见的心血管疾病之一,且诱发因素繁杂。本研究探讨老年高血压相关影响因素。方法 2016-01-10-2018-01-10应用三阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取四川省成都市金牛区≥65周岁老年人7 428名进行问卷调查,其中高血压患者681例作为高血压组,其余6 747名作为对照组,分析高血压诱因,并制定其预防保健措施。结果 高血压组合并糖尿病464例(68.14%),对照组合并糖尿病2 224例(32.96%),差异有统计学意义,χ~2=33.378,P<0.001;高血压组合并冠心病586例(86.05%),对照组合并冠心病1 011例(14.98%),差异有统计学意义,χ~2=1 850.969,P<0.001。单因素分析结果显示,吸烟(χ~2=728.825,P<0.001)、饮酒(χ~2=1 143.995,P<0.001)、家族遗传(χ~2=1 888.411,P<0.001)、基础疾病(χ~2=363.189,P<0.001)、睡眠较差(χ~2=1 155.195,P<0.001)、精神高度紧张(χ~2=301.379,P<0.001)、运动不足(χ~2=1 076.361,P<0.001)、饮食习惯不佳(χ~2=364.345,P<0.001)和体质量指数(t=33.064 7,P<0.001)与老年高血压病有关联。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮食习惯不佳(OR=6.512,95%CI为5.869~8.736,P<0.001)、吸烟(OR=5.483,95%CI为4.685~7.958,P<0.001)、运动不足(OR=3.865,95%CI为1.952~4.045,P<0.001)和家族遗传(OR=0.137,95%CI为0.030~0.631,P=0.011)为老年高血压发生的独立危险因素。结论 高血压患者合并冠心病、糖尿病发病率更高,饮食习惯不佳、吸烟、运动不足和家族遗传为老年高血压发生的独立危险因素。

OBJECTIVE Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in the elderly,and the inducing factors are complex.This study aims to explore the related factors of hypertension in the elderly.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 428elderly people aged 65or above in Jinniu District of Chengdu by three-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from January 10,2016to January 10,2018.Among them,681patients with hypertension were used as hypertension group,and the remaining 6 747as control group.The causes of hypertension were analyzed,and preventive and health care measures were formulated.RESULTS There were 464cases(68.14%)of hypertension group combined with diabetes and 2 224cases(32.96%)of control group,respectively,χ2=33.378,P<0.001.There were 586cases(86.05%)of hypertension group combined with coronary heart disease and 1 011cases(14.98%)of control group,respectively,χ2=1 850.969,P<0.001.Single factor analysis showed that smoking(χ2=728.825,P<0.001),alcohol consumption(χ2=1 143.995,P<0.001),family heredity(χ2=1 888.411,P<0.001),underlying disease(χ2=363.189,P<0.001),poor sleep(χ2=1 155.195,P<0.001),high mental stress(χ2=301.379,P<0.001),insufficient exercise(χ2=1 076.361,P<0.001),poor eating habits(χ2=364.345,P<0.001)and body mass index(t=33.064 7,P<0.001)were associated with elderly hypertensive patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that poor eating habits(OR=6.512,95%CI:5.869-8.736,P<0.001),smoking(OR=5.483,95%CI:4.685-7.958,P<0.001),lack of exercise(OR=3.865,95%CI:1.952-4.045,P<0.001)and family inheritance(OR=0.137,95%CI:0.030-0.631,P=0.011)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of hypertension in the elderly.CONCLUSIONS Patients with hypertension have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease and diabetes.Poor dietary habits,smoking,insufficient exercise and family heredity are independent risk factors for hypertension in the elderly.