西汉夹纻胎耳杯漆层分析

Analysis of the Ramee-lacquer ear cups of The western Han Dynasty unearthed from The tomb of Fengpengling M1

湖南长沙风篷岭M1是一座重要的西汉晚期长沙王王后墓。该墓虽曾两次被盗,但仍出土了54件精美的夹纻胎漆器,为研究汉代长沙国夹纻胎漆器制作工艺提供了宝贵的实物资料。为此,本文采用体式显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜及其能谱(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和傅立叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等现代仪器分析方法对风篷岭夹纻胎耳杯残片进行分析测试。研究结果显示这批器物胎体由漆灰粘结多层麻布而成,其上漆膜断面显示为3层,第一层为厚约97μm的漆灰层,经漆液调和粘土与骨灰颗粒制备,不同部位有着不同的厚度,如:外底>外腹>内腹和耳>内底;第二层为髤制在漆灰层上的底漆层,经打磨抛光处理,颜色以黑色调为主;第三层为表面的色漆层,采用了朱砂作为主要呈色颜料,形成了红色纹饰层或者红色漆膜层。

The tomb of Fengpengling M1,lying in Changsha city,Hunan province,is an important historical tomb dating to the late Western Han Dynasty,the occupant of which is the queen of Changsha Kingdom. Fifty- four fines Ramee- lacquer have been excavated from the tombs,and they could provide precious information on the Ramee- lacquer making techniques in the state of Changsha during the Han Dynasty,which were Stolen twice. In order to deduce the making techniques of Ramee- lacquer ear cup in that time,stereoscopic microscope,scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum( SEM / EDS),X- ray diffraction( XRD),X- ray fluorescence( XRF) and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometry( FTIR) analysis were used to study the six pieces of two Ramee- lacquer ear cups from the site. Analysis indicated that the body of the ear cup is composed by many layer heap materials,which bond together by Lacquer plaster layers. There exist three types of secondary layers in the plain color Ramee- lacquer film of ear cups with different functions: 1) Lacquering the plaster Layer,raw lacquer and a mixture of minerals containing clay and creaminess,with the thickness of over 97μm,the thickness of each part in which,outer bottom exceed outside abdomen,while,outside abdomen exceed inside abdomen and ear,inside abdomen exceed inter bottom; 2) Lacquering the priming layer with the smooth surface; 3) Lacquering a painting layer with smooth surface,containing some quartz grain,the film- former of which is raw lacquer and in which cinnabar was used as red pigments.