乾隆时期宫廷漆器之髹饰技法研究

Research on the Techniques of the Palace Lacquerware in the Qianlong Period

清朝乾隆时期髹饰技法集前代之大成,融会了前朝的风格特点并有创新和发展。本文通过《清宫内务府造办处档案总汇》中《各作成做活计清档》以及内务府奏折类等档案文本,对有关乾隆朝宫廷漆器制作档案进行整理并结合现存珍贵的漆器实物,系统地对其制作的髹饰技法及风格特点进行了论述。发现乾隆时期的宫廷漆器拥有着丰富的髹饰技法,有素髹(黑漆、朱漆、紫漆、金漆等)、描金、雕漆、彩漆、填漆、填漆戗金、镶嵌漆、波罗漆、堆漆等,其技艺在继承前代漆工艺的同时逐步提升且有机融合多样风格,工艺复杂考究、装饰精致华美,达到了漆器髹饰技艺的高峰。

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the techniques of Lacquer ware decoration combined the style characteristics of the former dynasty with innovation and development. Based on the <Article archives> of 'Qing House Office’s Archives Summary' and the Ministry of Internal Affairs archives, this paper collated the relevant Qianlong court lacquer ware production files;and combined with the existing precious lacquerware, systematically discussed the techniques and style characteristics of the lacquer decoration. It was discovered that the palace lacquerware of the Qianlong period possessed rich techniques of decoration, such as single color(black lacquer, red lacquer, purple lacquer, gold lacquer, etc.), paint gold, sculpt lacquer, colorful lacquer, filling lacquer, gold painting lacquer, mosaic lacquer, Luo paint, stacking paint, etc. The technique reached the peak of lacquer ware decoration through inheritance of the previous paint technology, and integration of diverse styles.