崇明岛开发的自然秉赋与制约

NATURAL PROPERTY AND LIMITATION ON EXPLOITATION OF CHONGMING ISLAND,YANGTZE ESTUARY

在21世纪世界环境与发展相互协调的历史背景下,有着自然优势的崇明岛开发成为上海现代化发展第三次飞跃的战略性目标之一。从长江口和崇明岛发育自然和人工控制后自然适应演变规律的历史和现状,探讨实现崇明岛开发的自然秉赋与制约因素,近两千年来长江河口自然演变规律的分析结果表明:弯道侧向环流及其对泥沙的输运对河口沙坝和汊道发育演变以及流域内众多大型工程对河口环流结构的影响研究,将是对长江口综合治理的理论前提,更是崇明岛实现人与自然协调开发的基础。而且,风能、湿地生态功能和岛内沟河网的自然生态功能、湿地生态功能和岛内沟河网的自然生态功能等可再生资源的充分利用可以实现崇明岛的零污染开发和治理。

The economical development in the21 st century has harmonize persistently the environment in the whole.To date,the exploitation of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary with a great deal of natural advantages turns into one of the strategic intention to fulfill the third modernization Shanghai City District.Natural property and limitation to the exploitation are discussed in the present paper with an analysis on historical and current evolution disciplines in Changjiang Estuary including the Chongming Island.The results of natural disciplines and natural suits to the human control activities illustrate that the lateral circulation around a meandering planform of river channels exerts a controlling effect on the sediment transport,and the formation of estuarine bars and channels.The circulation has been also the theoretical support to the successful human controlling engineering over the recent centuries.Thus,a future integrated treatment in the Changjiang Estuary,which is the groundwork for the harmonized exploiture of nature with human environment should rely on the intelligent researches of circulation structures around the estuarine channels imposed on some marvelous engineering along the watershed.Moreover,the exploitation and management with naught pollution can be accomplished with the sufficient utilization of regenerative resources such as wind energy,ecological function of wetland,canals and rivers within the Chongming Island.