民族地区易地扶贫搬迁的实践与反思——宁夏中南部地区空间置换与生计再造

Practice and Reflection on Relocation for Poverty Relief in Minority Areas:a Case Study of Space Displacement and Livelihood Rebuild in Central and Southern Regions of Ningxia

易地扶贫搬迁是开发扶贫的重要内容之一.自二十世纪八十年代起,宁夏先后实施了吊庄移民、扶贫扬黄工程移民、生态移民等不同形式的易地扶贫搬迁实践,取得了良好的经济、社会和生态效益,而这些成绩的取得都因易地扶贫搬迁实现了贫困者生活与生产空间的置换并再造了其生计资本的构成.宁夏易地扶贫搬迁在取得成绩的同时,还有一些问题需要长期关注与反思,如开展移民社会管理创新、增加移民的非农就业机会和各类资产、减少移民生计脆弱性及实现公共服务均等化等.

Relocation for poverty relief is a crucial content for development and poverty alleviation.Since the 1980 s,Ningxia carried out different migration forms in different historical period and background,such as migration villages,"Yanghuang Migration Project",which is pumping irrigation via the Yellow River,and ecological migration.these migrations co-related but had different focuses.These practices achieved good benefits of economy,society and ecology.all those achievements were attributed to the displacement of life and production spaces of the poor and the reconstruction of the constitution of livelihood capital.even if relocating the poor in Ningxia made some achievements,there are still some problems need to attention and reflection in a long period,such as carrying out innovations of administration of migration society,increasing non-agricultural employment opportunities and various assets of the migration,reducing the livelihood frangibility of the migration and achieving the equalization of public service.