中国现代性灵文学的存适语境与流变形态

Survival Contexts and Changing Forms of the Chinese Modern Spiritual Literature

性灵文学是与"载道"文学或政商文学等功利文学对举存在的一个相对性的文学概念。明确提出现代性灵文学思想的应始于周作人。以周作人为起点,中国现代性灵文学随着文学中心变迁或散落、存适语境的各异、主体心灵的调适,出现了迁流漫衍复杂多元的流变形态。性灵文学在北京的发展分前后两期,前期多有所寄情,后期偏于内倾与审美,是"纯正"文学的发展路向。上海时期的性灵文学有周作人影响的痕迹,更有着海派文化影响下的地域性与复杂性。香港时期的性灵文学则因港岛高度自由的社会、边缘且又追潮的个性以及全新的媒体传播等多种因素的规约,凸显出性灵文学的斑驳、变异与多元,并直接影响了港岛当代都市散文的生成。

Spiritual literature,a literary concept firstly put forward by Zhou Zuoren,coexisted with'sermonic literature',political literature and commercial literature.Chinese modern spiritual literature underwent frequent changes with its center shifted from Beijing,Shanghai to Hong Kong.The development of the spiritual literature in Beijing can be divided into two periods.In the first period the literature focused on emotion and in the second period the literature turned to aesthetics,the direction of the'pure'literature.In the Shanghai period,the influences of Zhou Zuoren and Shanghai culture were evident in the spiritual literature with the characteristics of locality and complexity.The spiritual literature in the Hong Kong period was characterized by variety and multi-components influenced by the cultural environment of Hong Kong.