鱼类Toll样受体及其信号传导的研究进展

TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS(TLR) AND ITS SIGNALING PATHWAY IN TELEOST

鱼类是脊椎动物中的一个重要类群,在其生存与进化的过程中,免疫系统担负着保护鱼类免受病原感染的重任,其中Toll样受体家族等介导的先天性免疫是鱼类抗病免疫的第一道防线,并在连接先天性免疫与获得性免疫反应中起着桥梁作用。虽然从无脊椎动物到高等脊椎动物,Toll样受体家族内多数成员在蛋白质结构与功能上都较为保守,但是鱼类作为最低等的脊椎动物,在其进化过程中又形成了一些特有Toll样受体分子,其剪接类型也更丰富;鱼类Toll样受体家族介导的免疫识别、免疫信号传导、激活和调控方式与高等脊椎动物也不尽相同。文章主要综述了鱼类Toll样受体的结构、种类、功能、多样性、免疫信号传导及其调控特点,为深入了解鱼类的免疫反应奠定基础。

Fish is the most diverse group of vertebrates. The immune system protects fish from pathogenic infection in their adaptation and evolution. Toll-like receptors constitute the first line of defense against the invading pathogens, and play a crucial role in connecting the innate immune response and acquiring immune response. Although the protein structure and function of TLR families from lower invertebrates to higher mammals are relatively conservative, the TLR of fish have shown greater diversity, including some fish-specific TLR and more alternative splicing TLR. The immune recognition, signaling transduction, activation and regulation of TLR pathway in teleost have demonstrated more differences compared with higher vertebrates. In this review, we summarized the molecular characterizations, subfamilies, functions, and diversity of TLR in fish. In addition, immune signaling transduction and regulation of TLR pathway were also reviewed for better understanding the immune response of fish.