PAM与天然土壤改良材料混合对部分土壤理化性质的影响

Effect of Combination of Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Natural Improvement Material on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

为了充分发挥高分子土壤改良剂和一些天然土壤改良材料改土培肥作用,选取了高分子土壤改良剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),分别与具有改土培肥功能的天然土壤改良材料——油渣、秸秆、蛭石、草炭、页岩、风化煤按不同用量混合施入土壤,利用湿筛法、称重法、重铬酸钾容量法、离心机法,测定对土壤水稳性团聚体、孔隙度、土壤有机质、有效含水量和水分蒸发等土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:(1)各处理与单施PAM相比,对土壤孔隙度没有明显影响,但对土壤水稳性团聚体含量均有不同程度的提高,其中PAM与0.6%秸秆处理和PAM与0.3%油渣处理对其影响最为显著,较单施PAM提高4.9%和4.6%;(2)通过天然土壤改良剂自身的有机质含量测定以及PAM分别与六种天然土壤改良材料混合施入土壤培养前后有机质含量测定,结果分析得出,随着材料施入量增加,各处理培养前后土壤有机质含量呈现递增趋势;风化煤处理对土壤有机质含量增加显著,培养后其土壤损失有机质百分比较高,幅度约50%,页岩处理培养土壤损失有机质的百分比较少,幅度约为6%;(3)通过各处理在不同水吸力下土壤持水量和蒸发观测得出,PAM与3%的风化煤处理显著提高土壤有效水含量,PAM与1%的秸秆处理和PAM与1%的油渣处理显著提高了土壤抗蒸发能力。总体上,PAM与风化煤、PAM与油渣和PAM与秸秆处理对土壤结构、土壤有机质含量、土壤水分等方面有显著改善作用。这对进一步研制具有多重功能的土壤改良剂提供参考。

In order to make full use of keeping the soil moisture of upper absorbent polymer,increasing soil nutrient and improving soil structures of some cheap organic resources,this study selected polyacrylamide(PAM)with strong water holding capacity,and PAM was mixed with different amounts of cheap organic resources,such as oil residue,straw,vermiculite and peat,shale,weathering coal,respectively,and then those mixed materials were applied to soil to increase soil nutrient and improve soil structures.Soil waterstable aggregates,soil porosity,soil organic matter,soil water content and soil water evaporation were determined by wet sieving method,weight method,potassium dichromate volumetric method,centrifuge method,respectively.The results show that:(1)compared with only adding PAM,soil porosity of different material treatments has no difference,but quantity of soil water-stable aggregates of different material treatments has increased obviously,the treatments of PAM with 0.6%straw and PAM with 0.3%oil residue increased significantly by 4.9%and 4.6%;(2)by measuring the organic matter of cheap organic material itself and the treatments,soil organic matter content of each treatment showed increasing trend with the increaseof the amount of applied materials,soil organic matter were significantly affected by the treatments of PAM with weathered coal,the percentage of the loss of soil organic matter is higher and up to about 50%,for shale soil treat,the percentage of the loss of soil organic matter is less and about 6%;(3)through measuring the soil water content under different water suction and evaporation,the treatments of PAM with 3% weathered coal and PAM with 1%oil residue significantly increased available soil water content,significantly improved the soil evaporation resistance;(4)in general,treatments of PAM with weathered coal,PAM with sludge and PAM with straw,significantly improved soil structures,increased the content of soil organic matter and soil moisture.This research provides academic and instructive bases for developing organic composite water retaining agent.