废弃矿山边坡生态修复中植物群落配置设计——以太行山北段为例

Study on the Design Method of Plant Community for the Ecological Restoration of Slope in Abandoned Mine

废弃矿山边坡生态修复的最终目的是建立稳定的植物群落,这就要求根据不同的生态修复方式、方法和不同植物的生物生态特性和群落演替规律,对修复目标植物群落进行合理的配置设计。在对太行山北段白云岩矿山基质、水文、气候等生态要素充分调查基础上,对矿山边坡植物群落演替规律进行了研究。结果表明:(1)太行山北段白云岩矿山边坡生态退化的成因为矿山开采导致的边坡植被的消退,而目前的修复方式以草本植物修复为主。(2)在对目标植物群落类型进行归纳分类的基础上,总结了生态修复的设计原则,即乔灌草结合的立体生态系统,这样解决了植物在恢复生长时期受基质流失和水分不足的问题,生物多样性将得到较好的恢复。

The ultimate objective of abandoned mine slope ecological restoration is to establish a stable plant community,so it requires to follow the succession law of ecological restoration in different ways and plant configuration,and reasonably design the plant community.We have done a lot of jobs in the northern Taihang Mountain dolomite mine matrix,hydrology,climate and other ecological factors and in a large number of practical investigation,and research for plant community succession on the mine slope of on the basis of the law,we have analyzed the causes of northern Taihang Mountain dolomite mine slope ecological degradation and the key problems.Based on classification of plant communities,the plants in the recovery growth period overcame problems on matrix loss and water shortage,biodiversity will get better restored.