粮食主产区和主销区发展非均衡的表现及根源分析

Manifestations and Root Cause Analysis on Non-Equilibrium between Major Grain Production Areas and Sales Areas

从狭义视角上的经济发展差异和广义视角上的基本公共服务差异出发,定量分析我国粮食主产区和主销区在1998—2011年间经济发展和基本公共服务的差距及变化规律,以期为国家层面的主体功能区划提供相应的配套政策建议。结果表明:(1)以锡尔系数表征的区域总差异、粮食主产区和主销区之间的差异,均呈"倒U"型变化规律,表明区域相对差异和两大区域之间的相对差异逐渐缩小。(2)无论是以人均GDP度量的区域经济绝对差异,还是以广义视角上的基本公共服务测度的区域差距来看,粮食主产区和主销区之间经济的绝对差异和基本公共服务差异均呈扩大趋势,这表明粮食主产区和主销区在实际收入水平和实际基本公共服务享用上差距较大,粮食主产区和主销区之间经济发展和福利非均衡现象比较严重。(3)结合正在实施的主体功能区划,不同强度的土地用途管制制度和土地发展权利的丧失也会加大粮食主产区和主销区之间福利的非均衡。主体功能区划的出台对粮食主产区经济发展的影响较大,因此国家应加快出台区域协调发展和福利均衡的长效机制,建立粮食主产区和主销区之间的耕地生态补偿和横向财政转移支付制度,促进粮食主产区和主销区之间福利状况的均衡发展。

From the narrow perspective on the differences in economic development and broad perspective on the differences in basic public services respectively,this paper quantitatively analyzed the gaps and variation about the economic development and the basic public services between major grain production areas and sales areas from 1998 to 2011to provide appropriate support policy recommendations for major functional zone.Several conclusions can be drawn from this research.The first one is that the region′s total Theil and the Theil between two regions show ‘inverted U'pattern,indicating that the relative regional differences and the relative regional differences between the two regions gradually narrowing.Secondly,not only the GDP per capita measured in absolute economic difference but also to the broad perspective on the measure in basic public service difference,the disparities are expanding.The gaps between the real income levels and the access to basic public service are huge and the non-equilibrium phenomena about economic development and welfare are serious between major grain producing areas and sales areas.Thirdly,combining the major functional zone,the different intensity of land use control system and the loss of land development rights to major grain producing areas also enlarge the non-equilibrium welfare.The introduction of major functional zone affects major grain producing areas′economic development greatly.So the country should establish the mechanism to balance regional development and welfare in long term by ecological compensation and financial transfer payment in order to promote welfare equilibrium between major grain production areas and sales areas.