陕北黄土高原县域土地利用结构及其空间布局

Land Use Structure and Its Spatial Distribution in Northern Shaanxi on the Loess Plateau

为更好的合理优化和配置土地资源,以陕西省府谷县2010年土地利用现状数据,借助ArcGIS、Fragstats等软件以及与数学模型分析相结合的方法,对府谷县的土地利用数量特征进行分析,并在此基础上引入地形位指数和景观格局指数分析各土地利用类型的空间分布特征。结果表明:府谷县土地资源类型较为齐全,草地、耕地和林地为主要景观类型,占全县土地面积的比例分别为57.74%,24.50%,12.12%,土地利用类型组合数相对较小,土地利用的地域差异明显;从空间格局分布来看林地、草地、耕地和水面连接度较高,呈片状分布,城乡建设用地空间分布零散,斑块形状复杂,聚集程度较低,破碎化程度较高,土地利用空间数量结构和空间格局结构结合分析的方法能较好地适用于地形复杂的地区。

In order to better optimize and allocate land resources reasonably,this paper took land use data of Fugu County in Shaanxi Province in 2010 to analyze the quantitative characteristic of land use in Fugu County by combining the software like ArcGIS,Fragstats,etc.with the method of mathematical model analysis,and on the basis,introduce terrain niche index and landscape pattern index to analyze the land use spatial distribution characteristics of various land use types.The results show that the land resource type in Fugu County is relatively complete,grassland,cultivated land and woodland are the main landscape types,the proportion of area of the three types of land in the county is 57.74%,24.50%and 12.12%,respectively,the combinational number of land use types is relatively small,regional differences of land use are significant;view from the spatial distribution pattern,the connection degree of woodland,grassland,cultivated land and water is relatively higher,patchy distribution;the spatial distribution of urban and rural construction land is scattered,patch shape is complex,the aggregation degree is relatively lower,fragmentation degree is higher.The results show that the method combining land use spatial quantitative structure with spatial pattern analysis can be used in the regions of complex terrain.