土地利用功能分类及空间结构评价方法——以燕沟流域为例

Assessment Method of Functional Land Use Classification and Spatial System——A Case Study of Yangou Watershed

优化国土空间格局是新时期我国生态文明建设的重要内容之一,科学划分生活、生产和生态"三生"空间类型是优化国土空间格局的重要基础。通过对土地利用类型进行功能归类,提出了包括生活、生产、生态以及生产—生态和生活—生态复合类型的5个一级类、20个二级类和61个三级类的土地利用功能类型划分方案;构建了由五形偏离度指标和结构视图表达的五形向量空间结构评价方法,并在延安燕沟流域开展了实证应用。研究结果表明,1988—2010年期间燕沟流域的五形偏离度从0.583减少到了0.567,呈现出微弱的下降趋势;14个行政村的五形偏离度值保持在0.55~0.59,趋同性较强,集中程度普遍较高;从而揭示了五形向量空间结构评价方法可以从定量和结构图示两个方面有效刻画研究地域的土地利用功能结构变化及空间分异等特点的可行性。

The essential of ecological civilization construction is the optimization of spatial patterns of geographical space,of which the basis is scientific division into 3classes:living land,industrial land and ecological land.By classifying the functional land use type,this paper presented a classification scheme including 5first-class land use types of living land,industrial land,ecological land,eco-industrial land and eco-living land,and 20second-class land use types,as well as 61third-class land use types.The paper also established an assessment method of spatial system with index of total departure from regular pentagon(TDRP hereafter)expressing by two-dimensional image,systemically applied for Yangou watershed in Yan′an City.The result showed that the TDRP declined from 0.583 to 0.567 during the year of 1988 to 2010in Yangou watershed;and the TDRP of all 14 villages in the range of between 0.55 and 0.59,meant highly concentration and not significant difference.The case study also indicates the above method is feasible in functional land use classification.