黄浦江源头区主要植被类型土壤入渗特征及模拟分析

Simulation Analysis on Soil Infiltration Characteristics Under Main Vegetation Types in Huangpu River Source Region

采用"双环法"测定了黄浦江源头区不同植被类型土壤渗透过程,并应用考斯恰可夫公式、霍顿公式、菲利浦公式和通用经验公式4种常用入渗模型进行了拟合分析。结果表明:(1)落阔林土壤平均渗透率最高,达828.93mm/h,分别是松林、草地、茶园、灌木林、毛竹林、常阔林、裸露地的1.27,1.38,1.48,1.48,1.88,2.04,3.76倍;松林、草地、茶园、灌木林之间,灌木林、毛竹林、常阔林之间渗透性差异不显著;裸露地平均渗透率最低,在5%水平下裸露地平均渗透速率显著低于落叶阔叶林、松林等林(草)地平均渗透速率。各林地土壤的渗透能力之间有差异,但都要强于裸露地,表明森林植被能有效改善土壤的渗透能力。(2)对8种不同样地土壤的典型入渗过程进行拟合的结果表明,考斯恰可夫公式和菲利浦公式拟合理想,以考斯恰可夫公式拟合最佳,而霍顿公式、通用经验公式与实测点拟合较差。

Soil infiltration characteristics under main vegetation types in the source region of Huangpu River were studied by using method of ‘double rings'.Four widely used infiltration models such as Koctakob formula,Horton formula,Philip formula and general empirical formula were used to fit and analyze infiltration patterns.The results showed that:(1)soil infiltration of deciduous broad-leaved forest has the highest permeability,reaching 828.93mm/h,and has ratios of 1.27,1.38,1.48,1.48,1.88,2.04,and 3.76 to pine,grass,tea,shrubbery,bamboo forest,evergreen forest,and bare ground,respectively.Among the other forest types,permeability doesn′t differ between shrubs,bamboo forest,and evergreen forest,while bare ground has the lowest permeability lower than deciduous broad leaf,pine and other forest(grass)under5% significant level,the soil infiltration capacities of all forest types are better than bare ground,indicating that the forest vegetation can effectively improve soil infiltration capacity;(2)fitting the infiltration processes of eight soil under different vegetation types indicated that Koctakob formula was the best model,followed by Philip formula,Horton formula and general empirical equation.