南方红壤丘陵区小流域水土保持综合效益评价——以江西阳坑小流域为例

Assessment on Comprehensive Benefit of Soil and Water Conservation in the Small Watershed of the Southern Red Soil Hilly Region——A Case Study in Yangkeng Small Watershed in Jingxi Province

随着国家对水土保持工作的不断重视,越来越多的水土保持措施开始实施,为评定水土保持工作开展情况,水土保持综合效益评价工作显得尤为重要。因此,选取南方红壤丘陵区水土流失严重的江西阳坑小流域为例,以2005年为基准年,通过层次分析法选择涉及生态效益、经济效益、社会效益的13个评价指标,从单项效益入手,运用市场价值法、替代市场法、对比分析法等方法直接计算水土保持各单项效益价值,从而得到三大效益及综合效益价值。结果表明:江西阳坑小流域经过水土保持治理之后,2005年水土保持综合效益总价值为12 445.42万元。其中生态效益价值为10 240.65万元,占82.29%;单项效益价值大小排序依次为:保水效益>净化大气效益>保肥效益>保土效益。经济效益价值为894.13万元,占7.18%;单项效益价值排序为:粮食增产效益>经果林效益>水保林效益。社会效益价值为1 310.64万元,占10.53%;单项效益价值排序依次为:改善群众经济效益>提高土地生产率效益>增加耕地效益>减少泥沙淤积效益。评价结果表明水土保持生态效益在水土保持工作中占有决定性地位,这将为今后水土保持工作提供重要的理论依据,同时也将提升人们对水土保持工作的了解与认识。

With more attention paid to the soil and water conservation in China,more and more soil and water conservation measures have been implemented.In order to evaluate the soil and water conservation work situation,soil and water conservation comprehensive benefits evaluation has become particularly important.We set 2005 as the base year and take Yangkeng small watershed,where the water loss and soil erosion are serious,in southern China′s hilly red soil region as an example.We chose 13 evaluation indexes involving the ecological benefits,economic benefits and social benefits to analyze and evaluate the value of each single benefit,the three benefits and comprehensive benefits of soil and water conservation by market valuation method,alternative market price method,method of comparative analysis and so on.After soil and water conservation management in Yangkeng small watershed of Jiangxi Province,soil and water conservation comprehensive benefit values totaled about 124.454 2million yuan in 2005.The ecological value was about102.406 5 million yuan,accounting for 82.29%;single benefit value decreased in the order:the water conservation benefit>the purifying atmosphere benefit>the protecting fertilizer benefit>the soil conservation benefit.Economic value was about 8.941 3 million yuan,accounting for 7.18%;single benefit value decreased in the sequence:grain production efficiency benefit>the economic fruit forest benefit>the soil and water conservation forest benefit.Social benefit value was about 13.106 4 million yuan,accounting for10.53%;single benefit value decreased in the order:benefit of improving the economic>benefit of improve land productivity>the benefit of add farmland>benefit of reducing sediment deposition efficiency.We analyzed the single benefit ratio and the soil and water conservation of the three big benefits,and indicated that ecological benefit occupied the decisive position in the soil and water conservation work,which will provide theoretical basis for the work of soil and water conservation in the future,and at the same time,promote people to understand and pay more attention to soil and water conservation work.