西北地区食物结构及其安全现状评估

Assessment of Food Structure and Its Security Situation in Northwest China

食物是国民经济基础之基础,食物安全问题是世界各国共同面临的重大问题。及时把握和正确判断一个国家或者地区的食物安全状况,对其经济和社会可持续发展具有非常重要的现实意义。在对2000—2014年西北地区7个省(区)的食物结构及生产量、人均食物占有量和主要食物的平均人日热量拥有量进行分析的基础上,对西北地区的食物安全现状进行了评估和判断。结果表明:2000—2014年西北地区7个省(区)粮食、蔬菜、水果、肉蛋奶、棉花、油料等食物产量整体上在波动中呈增长趋势,食物种类趋向多样化和丰富化;近5年西北地区粮食和水果人均占有量均超过全国人均水平,2000—2014年人均奶类、棉花和油料占有量大于全国人均占有量,但人均蔬菜、禽蛋和肉类占有量低于全国人均水平;除青海地区外,其他6个省(区)2014年人均每日热量拥有量都达到营养学要求;2000年以来,西北地区食物安全程度不断提高,但2014年,西北地区食物安全仍处于一个较低安全水平;当前西北地区仍面临着水资源缺乏、耕地面积和质量有限、农业技术设备落后等挑战,使该地区食物安全受到威胁,针对这些问题,文章提出了调整农业结构,保护生态环境,确保食物安全可持续发展等对策。

Food is the foundation of the national economy,the issue of food safety is a major problem faced by countries all over the world.To grasp and judge correctly food security situation of a country or region has very important practical significance for the sustainable development of economy and society.Based on the analysis of the food structure and production,per capita food occupies and per person per day heat quantity in seven provinces(regions)of Northwest China during 2000—2014,current situation of food security is evaluated and judged.The results show that during 2000—2014,the production of grain,vegetables,fruits,meat,eggs,milk,cotton,oil plants and other food presented the growing trend with the fluctuations as a whole,and the types of food tended to be diversified and enriched in seven provinces(regions)of Northwest China;per capita share of grain and fruits was more than the national average level in the past five years in Northwest China,per capita shares of milk,cotton and oil plants were more than the national per capita occupies during 2000—2014,but per capita shares of vegetables,eggs and meat were lower than the national average level;other six provinces(regions)had reached the per capita daily calorie nutrition requirements in2014,except for Qinghai;since 2000,the degree of food security in Northwest China enhanced unceasingly,but in 2014,the food security was still in a lower security level.The northwest region is still faced with many challenges,such as the lack of water resources,the limited area and quality of land and uncultured agricultural technology and equipment,food security in the region is threatened,in view of these problems,strategies involving the adjustment of the agricultural structure,ecological environment protection and the guarantee of food security and sustainable development are proposed in this paper.