摘要
以纸坊沟小流域沟坡7个典型植物群落为调查对象,对其结构特征、物种多样性、盖度、地上生物量进行了系统研究。结果表明:Simpson多样性指数显示为沙棘>赖草>白羊草>柠条>苔草>茭蒿>铁杆蒿;Magarlef丰富度指数表现为草本群落>灌木群落,阴坡群落>阳坡群落;Pielou均匀度指数为灌木群落>草本群落,阴坡群落>阳坡群落。灌木群落地上生物量(1.53~5.85 kg/m^2)显著大于草本群落(0.17~0.41 kg/m^2),草本群落地上生物量大小排序为赖草>铁杆蒿>茭蒿>白羊草>苔草。植被盖度阴坡草本群落最大,灌木群落居中,阳坡蒿类草本群落最低。沟坡植物群落的Simpson多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数略低于梁峁坡面的植物群落,Shannon-wiener多样性指数、草本群落地上生物量显著低于梁峁坡。研究成果对于明确黄土高原小流域植被生长特性、优化水土保持措施的空间配置具有重要的指导意义。
Seven typical vegetation communities were selected on steep gully slopes to analyze the vegetation characteristics of structure, species diversity and above-ground biomass. The results showed that Simpson Diversity Index decreased in the order: Hippophae rhamnoides>Leymus secalinus>Bothriochloa ischaemum>Caragana Korshinskii>Carex lanceolata>Artemisia giraldii>Artemisia gmelinii;Magarlef Richness Index decreased in the order: herb communities>shrub communities, communities on shaded slopes>communities on sunny slopes;Pielou Evenness Degree Index decreased in the order: shrub communities>herb communities, communities on shaded slopes>communities on sunny slopes. The above-ground biomass of shrub communities(1.53~5.85 kg/m^2) was greater than that of herb communities(0.17~0.41 kg/m^2). The above-ground biomass of herb communities decreased in the order: Leymus secalinus>Artemisia gmelinii>Artemisia giraldii>Bothriochloa ischaemum>Carex lanceolata. Vegetation coverage declined in the order: herb communities on shaded slopes>shrub communities>sage semi-brush communities on sunny slopes. The Simpson Diversity Index and Margalef Index on gully slopes were slightly lower than those on hill-slopes, while the Shannon-wiener Diversity Index on gully slopes was lower than that of hill-slopes significantly. The above-ground biomass and coverage of herb on gully slopes were significantly lower than that of hill-slopes. The results are helpful to understand the vegetation characteristics and to optimize the allocation of soil and water conservation measures at the scale of whole watershed in the hilly-gully region.
作者
杨寒月
张光辉
张宝军
YANG Hanyue;ZHANG Guanghui;ZHANG Baojun(Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing100875,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期62-67,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
"十三五"国家重大研发计划"黄土丘陵沟壑区坡体-植被系统稳定性及生态灾害阻控技术"(2017YFC0504702)
国家自然科学基金"退耕驱动近地表特性变化对侵蚀过程的影响及其动力机制"(41530858)
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目"地表过程模型与模拟"(41621061)
关键词
沟坡
植被群落结构
地上生物量
物种多样性
盖度
gully slope
plant community structure
above-ground biomass
vegetation species diversity
vegetation coverage